ArticleAmerican journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics : the official publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics2019
Sex differences in the genetic architecture of obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Article in American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics : the official publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genome-wide association studies and cross-population meta-analyses investigating short and long sleep duration.Nature communications · 2023Pooled it
- Genome-wide association study of sarcopenia index reveals sex-stratified genetic architecture.Biology of sex differences · 2026Article
- Sex-stratified insights into the genetics of brain volumes in late adulthood.Biology of sex differences · 2026Article
- Understanding Sex and Gender Effects on Autism Spectrum Disorder and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Clinical Presentation and Risk Factors.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2026Review
- Causal effect heterogeneity estimation using summary statistics.Research square · 2026Article
- Molecular Mechanism of theAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- The Role of Epigenetics in the Pathogenesis and Potential Treatment of Obsessive-compulsive Disorder.Current neuropharmacology · 2025Review
- Multivariate genetic architecture reveals testosterone-driven sexual antagonism in contemporary humans.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Sex-specific genetic architecture of blood pressure.Nature medicine · 2024Article
- Mapping the neuroanatomical heterogeneity of OCD using a framework integrating normative model and non-negative matrix factorization.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2023Article
- Measurement fidelity of clinical assessment methods in a global study on identifying reproducible brain signatures of obsessive-compulsive disorder.Neuropsychology · 2023Article
- Genetic variants in genes involved in creatine biosynthesis in patients with severe obesity or anorexia nervosa.Frontiers in genetics · 2023Article
- Drosophila melanogaster hosts coevolving with Pseudomonas entomophila pathogen show sex-specific patterns of local adaptation.BMC ecology and evolution · 2022Article
- PTBP2 - a gene with relevance for both Anorexia nervosa and body weight regulation.Translational psychiatry · 2022Article
- Probing the functional consequence and clinical relevance of CD320 p.E88del, a variant in the transcobalamin receptor gene.American journal of medical genetics. Part A · 2022Article
- Determination of the relationship between major histocompatibility complex alleles and childhood onset obsessive-compulsive disorder.Turkish journal of medical sciences · 2022Article
- Sex-Dependent Shared and Nonshared Genetic Architecture Across Mood and Psychotic Disorders.Biological psychiatry · 2022Article
- Genetics of obsessive-compulsive disorder.Psychological medicine · 2021Review
- Genetic predisposition to tinnitus in the UK Biobank population.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Exome sequencing in obsessive-compulsive disorder reveals a burden of rare damaging coding variants.Nature neuroscience · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a highly heritable complex phenotype that demonstrates sex differences in age of onset and clinical presentation, suggesting a possible sex difference in underlying genetic architecture. We present the first genome-wide characterization of the sex-specific genetic architecture of OCD, utilizing the largest set of OCD cases and controls available from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium. We assessed evidence for several mechanisms that may contribute to sex differences including a sex-dependent liability threshold, the presence of individual sex-specific risk variants on the autosomes and the X chromosome, and sex-specific pleiotropic effects. Furthermore, we tested the hypothesis that genetic heterogeneity between the sexes may obscure associations in a sex-combined genome-wide association study. We observed a strong genetic correlation between male and female OCD and no evidence for a sex-dependent liability threshold model, suggesting that sex-combined analysis does not suffer from widespread loss of power because of genetic heterogeneity between the sexes. While we did not detect any significant sex-specific genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) associations, we did identify two significant gene-based associations in females: GRID2 and GRP135, which showed no association in males. We observed that the SNPs with sexually differentiated effects showed an enrichment of regulatory variants influencing expression of genes in brain and immune tissues. These findings suggest that future studies with larger sample sizes hold great promise for the identification of sex-specific genetic risk factors for OCD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.