ArticleBulletin of the World Health Organization2018
Public health system integration of avoidable blindness screening and management, India.
Article in Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Stakeholder engagement in healthcare research in India - A systematic review.Health research policy and systems · 2025Pooled it
- Review
- Generative artificial intelligence in public health: a framework for governance and systemic integration.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Universal nomogram for predicting referable diabetic retinopathy: a validated model for community and ophthalmic outpatient populations using easily accessible indicators.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Perspectives on the provision of diabetic retinopathy screening: Survey of eye health care professionals in Haryana.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2022Article
- Current estimates of the economic burden of blindness and visual impairment in India: A cost of illness study.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2022Article
- Diabetic retinopathy screening in the public sector in India: What is needed?Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2022Review
- Exploring the barriers for eye care among transgenders and commercial sex workers in Pune, Maharashtra.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2021Article
- ROP screening and treatment in four district-level special newborn care units in India: a cross-sectional study of screening and treatment rates.BMJ paediatrics open · 2021Article
- Operational guidelines for diabetic retinopathy in India: Summary.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2020Article
- Establishing peer support groups for diabetic retinopathy in India: Lessons learned and way ahead.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2020Article
- Effect of health education and screening location on compliance with diabetic retinopathy screening in a rural population in Maharashtra.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2020Article
- Diagnostic test accuracy of diabetic retinopathy screening by physician graders using a hand-held non-mydriatic retinal camera at a tertiary level medical clinic.BMC ophthalmology · 2019Article
- Benefits of integrating eye care into health systems.Bulletin of the World Health Organization · 2018Article
- Optometry students' perspective on optometry in suburban Western India: A qualitative study.Journal of optometryArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In India, 73 million people have diabetes and 3.5 million infants are born preterm. Without timely screening, there is a risk of visual loss due to diabetic retinopathy and retinopathy of prematurity in these two groups, respectively. Both conditions are emerging causes of visual impairment in India but there is no public health programme for screening or management. Pilot projects were initiated in 2014 to integrate the screening and management of these conditions into existing public health systems, particularly in rural communities and their referral networks. The World Health Organization's health systems framework was used to develop the projects and strategies were developed with all stakeholders, including the government. Both projects involved hub-and-spoke models of care units around medical schools. For diabetic retinopathy, screening was established at primary health-care facilities and treatment was provided at district hospitals. For retinopathy of prematurity, screening was integrated into sick newborn care units at the district level and treatment facilities were improved at the closest publically funded medical schools. In the first two years, there were substantial improvements in awareness, screening, treatment and partnership between stakeholders, and changes in public health policy. By March 2018, diabetic retinopathy screening was established at 50 facilities in 10 states and treatment had been improved at 10 hospitals, whereas retinopathy of prematurity screening was established at 16 sick newborn care units in district hospital in four states and treatment had been improved at six medical schools. Advocacy within state governments was critical to the success of the initiative.
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