ArticleBulletin of the World Health Organization2018
Implementation of a diabetic retinopathy referral network, Peru.
Article in Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Implementation research on noncommunicable disease prevention and control interventions in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review.PLoS medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Barriers to access to ophthalmology services in Latin America: A Scoping review.Eye (London, England) · 2026Article
- Optimizing people's movement across the health system: a scoping review of referral systems within a primary health care approach.Primary health care research & development · 2025Article
- The Impact of Workflow Modifications in an Electronic Medical Record on Tertiary Service Referrals for Patients with Visual Impairment in New York City.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Article
- Present and future screening programs for diabetic retinopathy: a narrative review.International journal of retina and vitreous · 2024Review
- Rodent Models of Diabetic Retinopathy as a Useful Research Tool to Study Neurovascular Cross-Talk.Biology · 2023Review
- Inclusion of diabetic retinopathy screening strategies in national-level diabetes care planning in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review.Health research policy and systems · 2023Article
- Intravitreal aflibercept for the treatment of patients with diabetic macular edema in routine clinical practice in Latin America: the AQUILA study.International journal of retina and vitreous · 2022Article
- Barriers in establishing systematic diabetic retinopathy screening through telemedicine in low- and middle-income countries.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2021Review
- Screening Diabetic Retinopathy Using an Automated Retinal Image Analysis System in Independent and Assistive Use Cases in Mexico: Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR formative research · 2021Article
- The P2X7 Receptor: A Promising Pharmacological Target in Diabetic Retinopathy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Utilization of eye health services and diabetic retinopathy: a cross-sectional study among persons living with diabetes visiting a tertiary eye care facility in Ghana.BMC health services research · 2021Article
- Current State of Diabetes Mellitus Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control in Latin America: Challenges and Innovative Solutions to Improve Health Outcomes Across the Continent.Current diabetes reports · 2020Review
- The Role of Telemedicine to Alleviate an Increasingly Burdened Healthcare System: Retinopathy of Prematurity.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2020Review
- Benefits of integrating eye care into health systems.Bulletin of the World Health Organization · 2018Article
- Reaching the unreached: Task-shifting diabetic retinopathy screening in urban slums of low- and middle-income countries.Oman journal of ophthalmologyReview
- Barriers for adherence to diabetic retinopathy screening among Saudi adult population, 2023.Journal of family & community medicineArticle
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo describe the implementation of a diabetic retinopathy referral network incorporating all levels of health care in La Libertad region, Peru.
methodThe nongovernmental organization Orbis International and the Regional Institute of Ophthalmology established a network of primary, secondary and tertiary health-care facilities for diabetic retinopathy screening and treatment. The programme included the provision of three non-mydriatic retinal cameras for patient examination, the development of a flowchart to guide patient referrals, training of health personnel, investment in laser technology for treatment and the delivery of public awareness activities for blindness prevention and the need for timely screening.
findingsFrom 2014-2017, 11 849 patients with diabetes were screened within the diabetic retinopathy referral network. In primary-care centres, 6012 patients with diabetes mellitus were identified and 5632 patients were referred for diabetic retinopathy screening. A further 4036 patients directly attended two secondary-level hospitals and 2181 attended the tertiary-level hospital for screening. This represented a 138.1% increase in diabetic retinopathy screenings from a baseline of 4977 patients screened at the regional institute of ophthalmology over 2010-2013. A total of 2922 patients (24.7%) were found to have diabetic retinopathy and 923 (31.6%) were treated: 508 with laser photocoagulation, 345 with intravitreal bevacizumab and 70 with vitreoretinal surgery.
conclusionEffective and timely treatment for diabetic retinopathy is possible when patient education, screening and care are fully integrated into the general health-care system across primary-, secondary- and tertiary-level facilities. This requires the integration of professionals at all levels and all relevant specialties.
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