ArticleNature microbiology2019
Gut bacterial phospholipase Ds support disease-associated metabolism by generating choline.
Article in Nature microbiology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed, 87 citations in OpenAlex.
- Calorie restriction improves metabolic state independently of gut microbiome composition: a randomized dietary intervention trial.Genome medicine · 2022Trial
- Phospholipases D: An Update on Structure-Function Relationships.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2027Review
- Article
- Edible Fungal Polysaccharide-Liposome: Interfacial Interactions, Structure-Function Relationship, and Emerging Application in Oral Delivery and Functional Foods.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Rhein alleviates acute pancreatitis by inhibiting TMAO-mediated inflammatory signaling pathways and reducing acinar cell injury.Journal of advanced research · 2026Article
- Article
- Erxian Decoction Ameliorates Myocardial Damage in Ovariectomized Rats by Regulating the Gut Microbiota and TMAO-Mediated NLRP3 Inflammatory Pathway.Journal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2026Article
- UncoveringGut microbes · 2025Article
- Parental diet and offspring health: a role for the gut microbiome via epigenetics.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2025Review
- Role of the Microbiome and Its Metabolites in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Bacterial microcompartments and energy metabolism drive gut colonization by Bilophila wadsworthia.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Gut microbiota-mediated choline metabolism exacerbates cognitive impairment induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2025Article
- Correlation Analysis of Gut Microbiota Derivatives with Coronary Artery Disease Severity and Prognosis.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Article
- Research Trends and Hotspots of Gut Microbiota and Its Metabolites in Cardiovascular Diseases: A Bibliometric Analysis.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2025Article
- Choline metabolism modulates cyclic-di-GMP signaling and virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a macrophage infection model.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Gut microbiota: Implications in pathogenesis and therapy to cardiovascular disease (Review).Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2024Review
- Sustained mucosal colonization and fecal metabolic dysfunction by Bacteroides associates with fecal microbial transplant failure in ulcerative colitis patients.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- PLD1 is a key player in cancer stemness and chemoresistance: Therapeutic targeting of cross-talk between the PI3K/Akt and Wnt/β-catenin pathways.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2024Review
- Gut Microbiota and Its Metabolites: The Emerging Bridge Between Coronary Artery Disease and Anxiety and Depression?Aging and disease · 2024Review
- Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The essential nutrient choline is metabolized by gut bacteria to the disease-associated metabolite trimethylamine (TMA). However, most of the choline obtained via the diet and present in the human body is incorporated into larger metabolites, including the lipid phosphatidylcholine (PC). Here, we report that many choline-utilizing gut microorganisms can hydrolyse PC using a phospholipase D (PLD) enzyme and further convert the released choline to TMA. Genetic and in vitro characterization of the PLD from Escherichia coli MS 200-1 showed this enzyme is essential for bacterial hydrolysis of PC and prefers this substrate. PLDs are also found in gut bacterial isolates that are unable to convert choline to TMA, suggesting that additional members of the gut microbiota may influence access to this substrate. Unexpectedly, this PLD is only distantly related to characterized PLDs from pathogenic bacteria, suggesting a distinct evolutionary history. Together, these results reveal a previously underappreciated role for gut microorganisms in phospholipid metabolism and a potential target for inhibiting TMA production.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.