ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2018
Differential growth and shape formation in plant organs.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed.
- Growth directions and stiffness across cell layers determine whether tissues stay smooth or buckle.Current biology : CB · 2026Article
- Growth-rate coordination across the width of a leaf preserves its flatness.PLoS biology · 2026Article
- Temporal and spatial patterns of leaf unrolling inJournal of biosciences · 2026Article
- "Bud to bloom"-hormonal coordination in floral initiation.Plant biology (Stuttgart, Germany) · 2025Review
- Unrolling of Syngonium podophyllum: Functional Anatomy, Morphology and Modelling of Its Peltate Leaves.Advanced biology · 2025Article
- Predictive modeling, pattern recognition, and spatiotemporal representations of plant growth in simulated and controlled environments: A comprehensive review.Plant phenomics (Washington, D.C.) · 2025Review
- Active twisting for adaptive droplet collection.Nature computational science · 2025Article
- A 3-component module maintains sepal flatness in Arabidopsis.Current biology : CB · 2024Article
- Assessing the hydromechanical control of plant growth.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2024Article
- Dehydration-induced corrugated folding inProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Inter-plane feedback coordinates cell morphogenesis and maintains 3D tissue organization in the Drosophila pupal retina.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2024Article
- Three-Dimensional Leaf Edge Reconstruction Combining Two- and Three-Dimensional Approaches.Plant phenomics (Washington, D.C.) · 2024Article
- The rapid-tome, a 3D-printed microtome, and an updated hand-sectioning method for high-quality plant sectioning.Plant methods · 2023Article
- Swelling-Dependent Shape-Based Transformation of a Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells-Laden 4D Bioprinted Construct for Cartilage Tissue Engineering.Advanced healthcare materials · 2023Article
- Study on the Mechanism of Elastic Instability Caused by Natural Growth in Orthotropic Material.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Characterization of the MADS-Box Gene Family inGenes · 2022Article
- Chiral topographic instability in shrinking spheres.Nature computational science · 2022Article
- 3D printing of nanowrinkled architectures via laser direct assembly.Science advances · 2022Article
- Ripples at edges of blooming lilies and torn plastic sheets.Biophysical journal · 2022Article
- Groovy and Gnarly: Surface Wrinkles as a Multifunctional Motif for Terrestrial and Marine Environments.Integrative and comparative biology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Morphogenesis is a phenomenon by which a wide variety of functional organs are formed in biological systems. In plants, morphogenesis is primarily driven by differential growth of tissues. Much effort has been devoted to identifying the role of genetic and biomolecular pathways in regulating cell division and cell expansion and in influencing shape formation in plant organs. However, general principles dictating how differential growth controls the formation of complex 3D shapes in plant leaves and flower petals remain largely unknown. Through quantitative measurements on live plant organs and detailed finite-element simulations, we show how the morphology of a growing leaf is determined by both the maximum value and the spatial distribution of growth strain. With this understanding, we develop a broad scientific framework for a morphological phase diagram that is capable of rationalizing four configurations commonly found in plant organs: twisting, helical twisting, saddle bending, and edge waving. We demonstrate the robustness of these findings and analyses by recourse to synthetic reproduction of all four configurations using controlled polymerization of a hydrogel. Our study points to potential approaches to innovative geometrical design and actuation in such applications as building architecture, soft robotics and flexible electronics.
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