ArticleAmerican journal of preventive medicine2019
Non-Daily Cigarette Smokers: Mortality Risks in the U.S.
Article in American journal of preventive medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Comparative disease risks associated with cigarette smoking and use of moist smokeless tobacco and snus: an umbrella review of epidemiological evidence from the United States and Western Europe.BMC public health · 2025Pooled it
- Biomarkers of Nicotine and Tobacco Carcinogen Exposure in Socioeconomically Disadvantaged Black Adults Receiving a Brief Smoking Reduction Intervention.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2025Trial
- Smoking Cessation Smartphone App for Nondaily Smoking With Telephone Onboarding: Proof-of-Concept Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2025Trial
- A novel smoking-specific self-control task: An initial study of feasibility, acceptability, and changes in self-control and cigarette smoking behaviors among adults using cigarettes.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2022Trial
- Article
- The price of fame? Mortality risk among famous singers.Journal of epidemiology and community health · 2026Article
- Young Adult Substance Use as a Predictor of Poor Self-Rated Memory Decades Later in Midlife.Journal of aging and health · 2026Article
- Exploring the psychological determinants of smoking behavior among immigrant university students in Italy: A convergent mixed-methods cross-sectional study.Tobacco induced diseases · 2026Article
- Patterns of multimorbidity among low-income adults who smoke with implications for tailored interventions: a cluster analysis using a Mixture of Bernoulli model.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Associations between tobacco smoking and mortality: a sex-stratified cohort analysis.European journal of public health · 2025Article
- Quit Attempts and Use of Cessation Aids Among U.S. Adults Who Smoke Nondaily.American journal of preventive medicine · 2025Article
- Relationship of tobacco smoking to cause-specific mortality: contemporary estimates from Australia.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- 2025 Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics: A Report of US and Global Data From the American Heart Association.Circulation · 2025Review
- The impact of social capital on health behaviors: evidence from urban China.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Trends in non-daily cigarette smoking in England, 2006-2024.BMC medicine · 2024Article
- Low-intensity daily smoking and mortality risk among Mexican women.Tobacco control · 2024Article
- Prevalence and Trends in Cigarette Smoking With and Without Tobacco Use Disorder Among Adults in the United States: 2010-2021.The Journal of clinical psychiatry · 2024Article
- National prevalence of smoking among adolescents at tobacco tax increase and COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea, 2005-2022.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Mifepristone decreases nicotine intake in dependent and non-dependent adult rats.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2024Article
- 2024 Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics: A Report of US and Global Data From the American Heart Association.Circulation · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionWorldwide, an estimated 189 million adults smoke tobacco "occasionally" but not every day. Yet few studies have examined the health risks of non-daily smoking.
methodsData from the 1991, 1992, and 1995 U.S. National Health Interview Surveys, a nationally representative sample of 70,913 U.S. adults (aged 18-95 years) were pooled. Hazard ratios and 95% CIs for death through 2011 were estimated from Cox proportional hazards regression using age as the underlying time metric and stratified by 5-year birth cohorts in 2017.
resultsNon-daily smokers reported smoking a median of 15 days and 50 cigarettes per month in contrast to daily smokers who smoked a median of 600 cigarettes per month. Compared with never smokers, lifelong nondaily smokers who had never smoked daily had a 72% higher mortality risk (95% CI=1.36, 2.18): higher risks were observed for cancer, heart disease, and respiratory disease mortalities. Higher mortality risks were observed among lifelong non-daily smokers who reported 11-30 (hazard ratio=1.34, 95% CI=0.81, 2.20); 31-60 (hazard ratio=2.02, 95% CI=1.17, 3.29); and >60 cigarettes per month (hazard ratio=1.74, 95% CI=1.12, 2.72) than never smokers. Median life-expectancy was about 5 years shorter for lifelong non-daily smokers than never smokers. As expected, daily smokers had even higher mortality risks (hazard ratio=2.50, 95% CI=2.35, 2.66) and shorter survival (10 years less).
conclusionsAlthough the mortality risks of non-daily smokers are lower than daily smokers, they are still substantial. Policies should be specifically directed at this growing group of smokers.
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