ReviewBMC public health2018
Stigma reduction in relation to HIV test uptake in low- and middle-income countries: a realist review.
Review in BMC public health, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Global Health Facility-Based Interventions to Achieve UNAIDS 90-90-90: A Systematic Review and Narrative Analysis.AIDS and behavior · 2022Pooled it
- HIV testing barriers and intervention strategies among men, transgender women, female sex workers and incarcerated persons in the Caribbean: a systematic review.Sexually transmitted infections · 2020Pooled it
- An integrated HIV and chronic disease intervention to reduce HIV infection risk among older men who have sex with men in China: a randomized controlled trial.BMC public health · 2026Trial
- Randomized Controlled Trial of Game Changers, a Social Network Intervention for HIV Prevention in Uganda.AIDS and behavior · 2026Trial
- AEGIDA: Results of a Pilot Randomized Trial of an HIV Self-Testing Intervention for Women Who Exchange Sex and Use Substances in Kazakhstan.AIDS and behavior · 2026Trial
- Reasons for HIV testing in women diagnosed with HIV (2000-2023): insights from a 24-year retrospective cohort study in Barcelona, Spain.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2026Article
- Pre-Test Fear and Confidentiality in Premarital HIV Screening in Somalia.HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Article
- Human immunodeficiency virus recency testing coverage and partner-notification-services among people-living with human immunodeficiency virus in low- and middle-income countries.World journal of virology · 2025Article
- Establishing HIV transmission pathways in Bhutan: a modelling study.The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2025Article
- Temporal Trends and Characteristics of Community-Based HIV Testing: First Community-Based Testing Program Results of Men Who Had Sex with Men and Female Sex Workers in Haiti, 2015-2018.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2025Article
- Decoding HIV Discourse on Social Media: Large-Scale Analysis of 191,972 Tweets Using Machine Learning, Topic Modeling, and Temporal Analysis.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Article
- A Scoping Review of Stigma Related to Prostate Cancer in Black Men.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- The Prevalence and Associated Factors of HIV Self-Testing Among High-Risk Men Who Have Sex with Men in China: A Study Based on Bayesian Network Model.Archives of sexual behavior · 2025Article
- Index case testing uptake and determinants among HIV clients attending Shashemene town public health facilities, Southern Ethiopia.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on HIV testing in Peru: an interrupted time series analysis from 2014 to 2022.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Overcoming structural violence through community-based safe-spaces: Qualitative insights from young women on oral HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in Kisumu, Kenya.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Article
- Healthcare providers' intention to discriminate against people with HIV.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- A scoping review of evidence on routine cervical cancer screening in South Asia: investigating factors affecting adoption and implementation.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2025Article
- HIV and hepatitis C Virus in internally displaced people with and without injection drug use experience in the region of Shida Kartli, Georgia.BMC research notes · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThis realist review was conducted to understand how stigma is reduced in relation to HIV test uptake in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).
methodsA systematic search of eight databases resulted in 34 articles considered for synthesis. Data synthesis was guided by a preliminary programme theory and included coding the meaning units to develop themes or intervention pathways that corresponded to context-mechanism-outcome configurations.
resultsWe found that the interventions produced an effect through two pathways: (a) knowledge leads to changes in stigmatizing attitudes and increases in HIV test uptake and (b) knowledge and attitudes lead to changes in stigmatizing behaviours and lead to HIV test uptake. We also found one competing pathway that illustrated the direct impact of knowledge on HIV test uptake without changing stigmatizing attitudes and behaviour. The identified pathways were found to be influenced by some structural factors (e.g., anti-homosexuality laws, country-specific HIV testing programmes and policies), community factors (e.g., traditional beliefs and practices, sexual taboos and prevalence of intimate partner violence) and target-population characteristics (e.g., age, income and urban-rural residence).
conclusionsThe pathways and underlying mechanisms support the adaptation of intervention strategies in terms of social context and the target population in LMICs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.