SynthesisEuropean journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990)2019
Evaluation of objective response, disease control and progression-free survival as surrogate end-points for overall survival in anti-programmed death-1 and anti-programmed death ligand 1 trials.
Synthesis in European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 10 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 10 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Model-Based Meta-Analysis of Objective Response Rate and Survival Endpoints to Compare PD-1 and PD-L1 Treatment Outcomes in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Treatments for renal cell carcinoma: NICE Pilot Treatment Pathways Appraisal.Health technology assessment (Winchester, England) · 2026Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of PD-1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy for advanced unresectable gastroesophageal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of phase III randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Pooled it
- Surrogate endpoints for overall survival in randomized clinical trials testing immune checkpoint inhibitors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Pooled it
- Model-based meta-analysis of non-small cell lung cancer with standard of care PD-1 inhibitors and chemotherapy for early development decision making.CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology · 2023Pooled it
- Impact of Advantage in Tumor Response on the Correlation Between Progression-Free Survival and Overall Survival: Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials in Patients with Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.Pharmaceutical medicine · 2021Pooled it
- A systematic review of meta-analyses assessing the validity of tumour response endpoints as surrogates for progression-free or overall survival in cancer.British journal of cancer · 2020Pooled it
- Validation of Progression-Free Survival Rate at 6 Months and Objective Response for Estimating Overall Survival in Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Trials: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.JAMA network open · 2020Pooled it
- Correlation of Milestone Restricted Mean Survival Time Ratio With Overall Survival Hazard Ratio in Randomized Clinical Trials of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.JAMA network open · 2019Pooled it
- Efficacy and tolerability of immunotherapy in advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma with or without chemotherapy: a meta-analysis.Brazilian journal of otorhinolaryngologyPooled it
- Elraglusib and chemotherapy in metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: a randomized controlled phase 2 trial.Nature medicine · 2026Trial
- Correlation of multiple endpoints in the first-line chemotherapy of advanced gastric cancer: Pooled analysis of individual patient data from Japanese Phase III trials.Cancer medicine · 2024Trial
- Three-year outcomes of the randomized phase III SEIPLUS trial of extensive intraoperative peritoneal lavage for locally advanced gastric cancer.Nature communications · 2021Trial
- Assessing the relationship between event-free and overall survival in randomized controlled trials of perioperative chemoimmunotherapy in gastroesophageal cancers.ESMO gastrointestinal oncology · 2026Review
- Predictive and Prognostic Significance of Serum Neuron-Specific Enolase in Patients with Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Receiving Gefitinib: A Prospective Study from South Egypt Cancer Institute.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2025Article
- Eftilagimod Alpha (a Soluble LAG-3 Protein) Combined With Pembrolizumab in Second-Line Metastatic NSCLC Refractory to Anti-Programmed Cell Death Protein 1/Programmed Death-Ligand 1-Based Therapy: Final Results from a Phase 2 Study.JTO clinical and research reports · 2024Article
- Hybridizing mechanistic modeling and deep learning for personalized survival prediction after immune checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy.NPJ systems biology and applications · 2024Article
- Predict progression free survival and overall survival using objective response rate for anti-PD1/PDL1 therapy development.BMC cancer · 2024Article
- Efficacy and safety of anlotinib in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors or not as advanced non-small cell lung cancer treatment: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Translational cancer research · 2024Article
- Hybridizing mechanistic mathematical modeling with deep learning methods to predict individual cancer patient survival after immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.Research square · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundWe aimed to assess whether the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) criteria-based objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR) and progression-free survival (PFS) could be valid surrogate end-points for overall survival (OS) in anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) trials.
methodsWe systematically reviewed phase 2 and phase 3 trials of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 drug trials of advanced or recurrent solid tumours that reported OS and at least one of the RECIST criteria-based end-points. We used Spearman rank correlation to evaluate the strength of the association between these end-points and OS and a linear regression model, weighted by the sample size, to assess the association between the treatment effect on these end-points and OS. We also performed sensitivity analyses and a leave-one-out cross-validation approach to evaluate the robustness of our findings.
resultsForty-three qualifying trails comprising 15,088 patients were eligible. PFS showed good correlation with OS (squared Spearman rank correlation coefficient [r
conclusionsNo RECIST criteria-based end-points could be a valid surrogate for OS. At present, we proposed to set OS as the primary end-point in anti-PD-1/PD-L1 drug trials of advanced or recurrent solid tumours.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.