Trial reportNicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco2020
The Network Structure of Tobacco Withdrawal in a Community Sample of Smokers Treated With Nicotine Patch and Behavioral Counseling.
Trial report in Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Different doses, durations and modes of delivery of nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Exploring the nature and relationship of tobacco cigarette craving and withdrawal.Journal of psychopathology and clinical science · 2026Article
- Tobacco withdrawal system recovery time assessed during smoking satiety predicts smoking behavior change among individuals who smoke cigarettes daily.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2026Article
- Expanding the scope of the withdrawal syndrome: Anhedonia as a core nicotine withdrawal symptom.Journal of psychopathology and clinical science · 2025Observational
- Understanding the motivational mechanisms for smoking and vaping among dual users and exclusive smokers.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2024Article
- A Network Analysis of Cigarette Craving.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2023Article
- Tobacco Use Disorder.The Medical clinics of North America · 2022Review
- Network analysis reveals the associations of past quit experiences on current smoking behavior and motivation to quit.Addictive behaviors · 2021Article
- Temporal networks of tobacco withdrawal symptoms during smoking cessation treatment.Journal of abnormal psychology · 2021Article
- Specific Relapse Predictors: Could Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment for Smoking Cessation Be Improved?International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- The network approach to psychopathology: a review of the literature 2008-2018 and an agenda for future research.Psychological medicine · 2020Review
- Digital phenotyping for psychiatry: Accommodating data and theory with network science methodologies.Current opinion in biomedical engineering · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionNetwork theories of psychopathology highlight that, rather than being indicators of a latent disorder, symptoms of disorders can causally interact with one another in a network. This study examined tobacco withdrawal from a network perspective.
methodsParticipants (n = 525, 50.67% female) completed the Minnesota Tobacco Withdrawal Scale four times (2 weeks prior to a target quit day, on the target quit day, and 4 and 8 weeks after the target quit day) over the course of 8 weeks of treatment with nicotine patch and behavioral counseling within a randomized clinical trial testing long-term nicotine patch therapy in treatment-seeking smokers. The conditional dependence among seven withdrawal symptoms was estimated at each of the four measurement occasions. Influential symptoms of withdrawal were identified using centrality indices. Changes in network structure were examined using the Network Comparison Test.
resultsFindings indicated many associations among the individual symptoms of withdrawal. The strongest associations that emerged were between sleep problems and restlessness, and associations among affective symptoms. Restlessness and affective symptoms emerged as the most central symptoms in the withdrawal networks. Minimal differences in the structure of the withdrawal networks emerged across time.
conclusionsThe cooccurrence of withdrawal symptoms may result from interactions among symptoms of withdrawal rather than simply reflecting passive indicators of a latent disorder. Findings encourage greater consideration of individual withdrawal symptoms and their potential interactions and may be used to generate hypotheses that may be tested in future intensive longitudinal studies. IMPLICATIONS: This study provides a novel, network perspective on tobacco withdrawal. Drawing on network theories of psychopathology, we suggest that the cooccurrence of withdrawal symptoms may result from interactions among symptoms of withdrawal over time, rather than simply reflecting passive indicators of a latent disorder. Results indicating many associations among individual symptoms of withdrawal are consistent with a network perspective. Other results of interest include minimal changes in the network structure of withdrawal across four measurement occasions prior to and during treatment with nicotine patch and behavioral counseling.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.