ArticleAmerican journal of epidemiology2019
An Investigation of Selection Bias in Estimating Racial Disparity in Stroke Risk Factors.
Article in American journal of epidemiology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Deep disadvantage in mortality on the frontlines of the COVID-19 pandemic.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- The association between smoking status and aging cognitive trajectory accounting for bias in attrition.American journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Article
- Article
- The Association Between Experienced Discrimination and Pain in the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- Measuring Hemoglobin A1C with Frozen Packed Cell and Frozen Whole Blood Samples in an Epidemiologic Study: The Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke Study.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2025Article
- Understanding deep disadvantage at the end of life: A nationwide analysis of unclaimed deaths.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2025Article
- The association of leptin and incident hypertension in the reasons for geographic and racial differences in stroke (REGARDS) cohort.Journal of human hypertension · 2024Article
- Endothelial Dysfunction Biomarkers and CKD Incidence in the REGARDS Cohort.Kidney international reports · 2024Article
- Proneurotensin/Neuromedin N and Risk of Incident CKD and Other Kidney Outcomes in Community-Living Individuals: The REGARDS Study.Kidney medicine · 2024Article
- Cytokines, C-Reactive Protein, and Risk of Incident Hypertension in the REGARDS Study.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2024Article
- Association Between Pharmacy Proximity With Cardiovascular Medication Use and Risk Factor Control in the United States.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024Article
- Interleukin-6, Diabetes, and Metabolic Syndrome in a Biracial Cohort: The Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke Cohort.Diabetes care · 2024Article
- Life-Space Mobility: Normative Values From a National Cohort of U.S. Older Adults.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2024Article
- Plasma proenkephalin A and incident chronic kidney disease and albuminuria in the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) cohort.BMC nephrology · 2024Article
- Cumulative Experience of Neighborhood Walkability and Change in Weight and Waist Circumference in REGARDS.American journal of epidemiology · 2023Article
- The role of caregiving in cognitive function and change: The REGARDS study.Psychology and aging · 2023Article
- Risk Factors for Incident CKD in Black and White Americans: The REGARDS Study.American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation · 2023Observational
- D-dimer and the risk of hypertension: The REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke Cohort Study.Research and practice in thrombosis and haemostasis · 2023Article
- Myocardial infarction and physical function: the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke prospective cohort study.BMJ public health · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Selection due to survival or attrition might bias estimates of racial disparities in health, but few studies quantify the likely magnitude of such bias. In a large national cohort with moderate loss to follow-up, we contrasted racial differences in 2 stroke risk factors, incident hypertension and incident left ventricular hypertrophy, estimated by complete-case analyses, inverse probability of attrition weighting, and the survivor average causal effect. We used data on 12,497 black and 17,660 white participants enrolled in the United States (2003-2007) and collected incident risk factor data approximately 10 years after baseline. At follow-up, 21.0% of white participants and 23.0% of black participants had died; additionally 22.0% of white participants and 28.4% of black participants had withdrawn. Individual probabilities of completing the follow-up visit were estimated using baseline demographic and health characteristics. Adjusted risk ratio estimates of racial disparities from complete-case analyses in both incident hypertension (1.11, 95% confidence interval: 1.02, 1.21) and incident left ventricular hypertrophy (1.02, 95% confidence interval: 0.84, 1.24) were virtually identical to estimates from inverse probability of attrition weighting and survivor average causal effect. Despite racial differences in mortality and attrition, we found little evidence of selection bias in the estimation of racial differences for these incident risk factors.
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