ArticleCulture, health & sexuality2019
Unseen, unheard and unprotected: prevalence and correlates of violence among female sex workers in Mozambique.
Article in Culture, health & sexuality, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- Prevalence and Associated Factors of Sexual and Physical Violence Against Female Sex Workers in Iran: Findings from a Nationwide Survey in 2024.International journal of behavioral medicine · 2026Article
- Intimate partner violence and mental health outcomes among ever-married women in Mozambique.BMC women's health · 2025Article
- Temporal trends in HIV prevention service access and use among female sex workers (FSW) in Mozambique: a comparative analysis 2011-2019.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Prevalence and factors associated with violence against women who exchange sex for money in Gulu City, Northern Uganda: a cross-sectional study.BMJ public health · 2025Article
- Unveiling triple vulnerability among Mozambican female sex workers-Stigma, physical violence and sexual violence.PloS one · 2025Article
- Patterns of inconsistent condom use and risky sexual behaviors among female sex workers in Mozambique.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Prevalence and correlates of hazardous alcohol drinking and drug use among female sex workers and men who have sex with men in Mozambique.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Violence Against Women Who Sell Sex in Eastern and Southern Africa: A Scoping Review.Trauma, violence & abuse · 2024Article
- Relationships Between Stigma and Intimate Partner Violence Among Female Sex Workers Living With HIV: Social and Economic Exclusion.Violence against women · 2023Article
- Health care services for survivors of gender-based violence: a community and clinic-based intervention in Zambézia province, Mozambique.AIDS care · 2023Article
- Gender-based violence and depressive symptoms among female entertainment workers in Cambodia: A cross-sectional study.PLOS global public health · 2022Article
- Low engagement in HIV services and progress through the treatment cascade among key populations living with HIV in Mozambique: alarming gaps in knowledge of status.BMC public health · 2021Article
- Recognizing the hidden: strengthening the HIV surveillance system among key and priority populations in Mozambique.BMC public health · 2021Article
- High burden of self-reported sexually transmitted infections among key populations in Mozambique: the urgent need for an integrated surveillance system.BMC infectious diseases · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Violence against women, including female sex workers, is a public health concern worldwide. This is the first study in Mozambique to estimate the prevalence of and factors associated with physical and sexual violence against female sex workers. We used data collected from 1,250 women recruited using respondent-driven sampling in the cities of Maputo, Beira and Nampula in 2011-12. Participants were 15 years of age and reported having had sex for money in the preceding six months. Prevalence of physical or sexual violence (defined as being hit or battered or raped or forced to have sex within the last 6 months) ranged from 10.0% to 25.6%. Strangers (37.0%) and acquaintances (31.2%) were reported to be the most frequent perpetrators of sexual violence. Among participants who experienced sexual violence, 65.9% and 87.0% did not seek medical care and police assistance, respectively. Physical or sexual violence was associated with city (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 2.6 and 2.0 Nampula and Beira vs Maputo), age (AOR 1.9, aged 15-24 years vs aged 25 and older), unprotected sex with last client (AOR 1.6) and self-reported sexually transmitted infections (AOR 2.1). The high prevalence of violence found confirms the need for interventions to mitigate this problem.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.