ArticleThe journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research2019
First trimester physiological development of the fetal foot position using three-dimensional ultrasound in virtual reality.
Article in The journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Can Prenatal Ultrasound and Genetic Testing Reliably Exclude Non-Isolated Clubfoot?Prenatal diagnosis · 2026Article
- Prenatal Counseling for Congenital Clubfoot.Journal of the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America · 2024Review
- Article
- Congenital talipes equinovarus: A literature review.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2022Review
- Tendon mechanical properties are enhancedFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2022Article
- Prenatal Diagnosis of Clubfoot: Where Are We Now? Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Cohort Profile Update: the Rotterdam Periconceptional Cohort and embryonic and fetal measurements using 3D ultrasound and virtual reality techniques.International journal of epidemiology · 2021Article
- Evaluation of embryonic posture using four-dimensional ultrasound and virtual reality.The journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research · 2021Article
- The relationship between isolated pes equinovarus and aneuploidies and perinatal outcomes: Results of a tertiary center.Turkish journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2020Article
- High Frequency of Fetal Loss in Fetuses With Normal Karyotype and Nuchal Translucency ≥ 3 Among the Iranian Pregnant Women.Journal of family & reproductive health · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
aimIn anatomic studies of the embryo, it has been established that during the development of the lower limb, several changes in foot position can be observed defined as a temporary 'physiological clubfoot'. The aim of this study was to develop and test a measurement tool for objective documentation of the first trimester foot position in vivo and made an attempt to create a chart for first trimester foot position.
methodsWe developed a virtual orthopedic protractor for measuring foot positioning using three-dimensional virtual reality visualization. Three-dimensional ultrasound volumes of 112 pregnancies of women examined during the first trimester were studied in a BARCO I-Space. The frontal angle (plantar flexion) and the lateral angle (adduction) between the leg and foot were measured from 8 until 13 weeks gestational age.
resultsWe observed that the frontal angle steadily decreases, whereas the lateral angle first increases, resulting in transient physiological clubfeet position at 10- to 11-week gestation, followed by a decrease to a normal foot position.
conclusionA transient clubfoot position is present during the normal development of the lower limbs, and it has been measured in vivo for the first time. This study emphasizes that a diagnosis of congenital clubfoot should not be made in the first trimester of pregnancy.
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