ReviewMedicinal research reviews2019
Recent clinical trends in Toll-like receptor targeting therapeutics.
Review in Medicinal research reviews, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 151 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
151 citing papers in PubMed, 276 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nanomedicine Meets Immunotherapy: Advancing Adoptive Cell Therapy with Nanoparticles in the Treatment of Cancer with Sustainability Perspectives.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Neutrophil extracellular traps-associated candidate genes in IgA vasculitis: an exploratory multi-omics analysis integrating transcriptomics and Mendelian randomization.Pediatric rheumatology online journal · 2026Article
- Immunoinformatics-guided design of a multi-epitope vaccine targeting the envelopment polyprotein of oropouche virus.Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG · 2026Article
- Toll-like Receptor 7/8 Agonists Exert Antitumor Effect in a Mouse Melanoma Model.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Validating Natural Compounds as Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) Antagonists: Experimental Challenges and Therapeutic Perspectives.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2026Review
- Toll-like receptors: versatile players in tumor.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Review
- Priming mucosal pathogen-agnostic innate immunity with an intranasal TLR2/6 agonist in an aged population.ERJ open research · 2025Article
- Advances in nanotechnology-enabled adjuvants for peptide-based cancer vaccines.Nano research · 2025Article
- Performance of Imidazoquinoline Glycoconjugate BAIT628 as a TLR7 Agonist Prodrug for Prostate Cancer.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Exploring the Role of Pattern Recognition Receptors as Immunostimulatory Molecules.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2025Review
- Noncoding RNA (ncRNA)-mediated regulation of TLRs: critical regulator of inflammation in tumor microenvironment.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Review
- Tackling cutaneous herpes simplex virus disease with topical immunomodulators-a call to action.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2025Review
- The Recruitment and Immune Suppression Mechanisms of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells and Their Impact on Bone Metastatic Cancer.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2025Review
- TLR7/8/9 agonists and low-dose cisplatin synergistically promotes tertiary lymphatic structure formation and antitumor immunity.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Extracellular microRNAs modulate human microglial function through TLR8.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Massively Parallel Screening of Toll/Interleukin-1 Receptor (TIR)-Derived Peptides Reveals Multiple Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs)-Targeting Immunomodulatory Peptides.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- pH-Dependent Assembly and Stability of Toll-Like Receptor 3/dsRNA Signaling Complex: Insights from Constant pH Molecular Dynamics and Metadynamics Simulations.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Novel Peptidomimetic Cyclo-{E(I)-E(W)}Na (CP-88) with Hematopoietic Activity Sustained in Invasive and Oral Administration: Experimental and Preclinical Evaluation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Article
91 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are germline-encoded receptors that are central to innate and adaptive immune responses. Owing to their vital role in inflammation, TLRs are rational targets in clinics; thus, many ligands and biologics have been reported to overcome the progression of various inflammatory and malignant conditions and support the immune system. For each TLR, at least one, and often many, drug formulations are being evaluated. Ligands reported as stand-alone drugs may also be reported based on their use in combinatorial therapeutics as adjuvants. Despite their profound efficacy in TLR-modulation in preclinical studies, multiple drugs have been terminated at different stages of clinical trials. Here, TLR modulating drugs that have been evaluated in clinical trials are discussed, along with their mode of action, suggestive failure reasons, and ways to improve the clinical outcomes. This review presents recent advances in TLR-targeting drugs and provides directions for more successful immune system manipulation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.