Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30448150›Full record

ArticleThe Lancet. Public health2019

Impact of London's low emission zone on air quality and children's respiratory health: a sequential annual cross-sectional study.

Ian S Mudway, Isobel Dundas, Helen E Wood, Nadine Marlin, Jeenath B Jamaludin, Stephen A Bremner, Louise Cross, Andrew Grieve, Alex Nanzer, Ben M Barratt and 11 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The Lancet. Public health, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
33citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
6.6field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 141 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. A Review of the Increasing Impact and Effects of Air Pollution Throughout Life and Before Birth.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2026
    Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. The Exposure of Workers at a Busy Road Node to PMInternational journal of environmental research and public health · 2022
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

21 authors at 9 institutions in 3 countries.

Ian S MudwayMedical Research Council (MRC)-Public Health England Centre for Environmental Health, National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK.
Isobel DundasAsthma UK Centre for Applied Research, Barts Institute of Population Health Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
Helen E WoodMedical Research Council (MRC)-Public Health England Centre for Environmental Health, National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK.
Nadine MarlinAsthma UK Centre for Applied Research, Barts Institute of Population Health Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
Jeenath B JamaludinMedical Research Council (MRC)-Public Health England Centre for Environmental Health, National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK; Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kelantan, Malaysia.
Stephen A BremnerAsthma UK Centre for Applied Research, Barts Institute of Population Health Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
Louise CrossAsthma UK Centre for Applied Research, Barts Institute of Population Health Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
Andrew GrieveMedical Research Council (MRC)-Public Health England Centre for Environmental Health, National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK.
Alex NanzerAsthma UK Centre for Applied Research, Barts Institute of Population Health Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
Ben M BarrattMedical Research Council (MRC)-Public Health England Centre for Environmental Health, National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK.
Sean BeeversMedical Research Council (MRC)-Public Health England Centre for Environmental Health, National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK.
David DajnakMedical Research Council (MRC)-Public Health England Centre for Environmental Health, National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK.
Gary W FullerMedical Research Council (MRC)-Public Health England Centre for Environmental Health, National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK.
Anna FontMedical Research Council (MRC)-Public Health England Centre for Environmental Health, National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK.
Grainne ColliganAsthma UK Centre for Applied Research, Barts Institute of Population Health Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
Aziz SheikhAsthma UK Centre for Applied Research, Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Robert WaltonAsthma UK Centre for Applied Research, Barts Institute of Population Health Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
Jonathan GriggAsthma UK Centre for Applied Research, Barts Institute of Population Health Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK; MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King's College London, London, UK.
Frank J KellyMedical Research Council (MRC)-Public Health England Centre for Environmental Health, National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK.
Tak H LeeMRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King's College London, London, UK; Allergy Centre, HK Sanatorium and Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
Chris J GriffithsAsthma UK Centre for Applied Research, Barts Institute of Population Health Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK; MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King's College London, London, UK. Electronic address: c.j.griffiths@qmul.ac.uk.
Asthma UK · GBQueen Mary University of London · GBNational Institute for Health Research · GBKing's College London · GBNational Health Service · GBPublic Health England · GBMedical Research Council · GBUniversiti Sains Malaysia · MYUniversity of Edinburgh · GB

Funding

Department of Health RP-PG-0609-10181Medical Research Council G0801056Medical Research Council G1000758Medical Research Council MR/L01341X/1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundLow emission zones (LEZ) are an increasingly common, but unevaluated, intervention aimed at improving urban air quality and public health. We investigated the impact of London's LEZ on air quality and children's respiratory health.

methodsWe did a sequential annual cross-sectional study of 2164 children aged 8-9 years attending primary schools between 2009-10 and 2013-14 in central London, UK, following the introduction of London's LEZ in February, 2008. We examined the association between modelled pollutant exposures of nitrogen oxides (including nitrogen dioxide [NO

findingsThe percentage of children living at addresses exceeding the EU limit value for annual NO

interpretationWithin London's LEZ, a smaller lung volume in children was associated with higher annual air pollutant exposures. We found no evidence of a reduction in the proportion of children with small lungs over this period, despite small improvements in air quality in highly polluted urban areas during the implementation of London's LEZ. Interventions that deliver larger reductions in emissions might yield improvements in children's health.

fundingNational Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust and King's College London, NHS Hackney, Lee Him donation, and Felicity Wilde Charitable Trust.

Indexed as

Air PollutionChildChild HealthCross-Sectional StudiesEnvironmental ExposureHumansLondonRespiration DisordersUrban Health

Identifiers

PMID30448150
PMCPMC6323357
OpenAlexW2901133697

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.