ArticleHippocampus2019
Frequency-specific noninvasive modulation of memory retrieval and its relationship with hippocampal network connectivity.
Article in Hippocampus, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04748146 (CAUSAL MECHANISMS OF DISTRIBUTED BRAIN NETWORK FUNCTION DURING EPISODIC MEMORY RETRIEVAL), which is not on this map. Cited by 51 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Causal mechanisms of distributed brain network function during episodic memory retrieval
Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A systematic review of the neurobiological effects of theta-burst stimulation (TBS) as measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).Brain structure & function · 2023Pooled it
- Causal involvement of the left angular gyrus in higher functions as revealed by transcranial magnetic stimulation: a systematic review.Brain structure & function · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Transcranial alternating current stimulation of the posterior parietal cortex enhances episodic memory consolidation.Experimental brain research · 2026Trial
- Task-Specific Personalized Theta tACS Modulates Theta Dynamics in Associative Memory.Brain and behavior · 2026Trial
- Gamma-frequency transcranial alternating current stimulation over the left posterior parietal cortex enhances the long-term retention of associative memory.Experimental brain research · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Effects of online parietal transcranial electric stimulation on associative memory: a direct comparison between tDCS, theta tACS, and theta-oscillatory tDCS.Scientific reports · 2022Trial
- Effects of sleep quality on the offline storage state of visual working memory.BMC psychology · 2026Article
- Stronger memories through smarter stimulation.eLife · 2026Article
- Non-invasive Neuromodulation Targeting Approach by Mapping Stimulations and Lesions That Modify Visual Memory.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Spatially resolved EEG reveals theta-band network modulation following iTBS in aging and mild cognitive impairment.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026Article
- Consensus guidelines for the use of concurrent TMS-fMRI in cognitive and clinical neuroscience.Nature protocols · 2026Review
- Clinical development and guiding theory of transcranial magnetic stimulation: a literature review.Annals of medicine · 2025Review
- From Correlation to Causation: Understanding Episodic Memory Networks.Neuroscience bulletin · 2025Review
- Temporal dynamics of offline transcranial ultrasound stimulation.Current research in neurobiology · 2025Article
- [Effect of repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation on excitability of glutaminergic neurons and gamma-aminobutyric neurons in mouse hippocampus].Sheng wu yi xue gong cheng xue za zhi = Journal of biomedical engineering = Shengwu yixue gongchengxue zazhi · 2025Article
- Simultaneous tACS-fMRI reveals state- and frequency-specific modulation of hippocampal-cortical functional connectivity.Communications psychology · 2025Article
- Why does invasive brain stimulation sometimes improve memory and sometimes impair it?PLoS biology · 2024Article
- Modulation of hippocampal theta oscillations via deep brain stimulation of the parietal cortex depends on cognitive state.Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Episodic memory is thought to rely on interactions of the hippocampus with other regions of the distributed hippocampal-cortical network (HCN) via interregional activity synchrony in the theta frequency band. We sought to causally test this hypothesis using network-targeted transcranial magnetic stimulation. Healthy human participants completed four experimental sessions, each involving a different stimulation pattern delivered to the same individualized parietal cortex location of the HCN for all sessions. There were three active stimulation conditions, including continuous theta-burst stimulation, intermittent theta-burst stimulation, and beta-frequency (20-Hz) repetitive stimulation, and one sham condition. Resting-state fMRI and episodic memory testing were used to assess the impact of stimulation on hippocampal fMRI connectivity related to retrieval success. We hypothesized that theta-burst stimulation conditions would most strongly influence hippocampal-HCN fMRI connectivity and retrieval, given the hypothesized relevance of theta-band activity for HCN memory function. Continuous theta-burst stimulation improved item retrieval success relative to sham and relative to beta-frequency stimulation, whereas intermittent theta-burst stimulation led to numerical but nonsignificant item retrieval improvement. Mean hippocampal fMRI connectivity did not vary for any stimulation conditions, whereas individual differences in retrieval improvements due to continuous theta-burst stimulation were associated with corresponding increases in fMRI connectivity between the hippocampus and other HCN locations. No such memory-related connectivity effects were identified for the other stimulation conditions, indicating that only continuous theta-burst stimulation affected memory-related hippocampal-HCN connectivity. Furthermore, these effects were specific to the targeted HCN, with no significant memory-related fMRI connectivity effects for two distinct control brain networks. These findings support a causal role for fMRI connectivity of the hippocampus with the HCN in episodic memory retrieval and indicate that contributions of this network to retrieval are particularly sensitive to continuous theta-burst noninvasive stimulation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.