Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30446922›Full record

ReviewJournal of gastrointestinal cancer2019

Pancreatic Cancer and Immunotherapy: Resistance Mechanisms and Proposed Solutions.

Elaine Tan, Bassel El-Rayes

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of gastrointestinal cancer, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed
1.9field-weighted citation impact, top 11% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Elaine TanDepartment of Internal Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, 100 Woodruff Circle Suite, 327, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA. estan@emory.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1656-368X
Bassel El-RayesDepartment of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Emory University · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) continues to be one of the most aggressive and lethal diseases in the world. The success of immunotherapy in other types of malignancy has led to further trials to understand better the role of immunotherapy in PDAC. However, initial studies with immunotherapy, namely, the checkpoint inhibitors, in PDAC have not been met with the same outcomes. The purpose of this review is to identify and discuss the various resistance mechanisms of PDAC to immunotherapy (pancreatic stroma, genetic predisposition/epigenetics, and the immune inhibitory cells, cytokines, soluble factors, and enzymes that comprise the tumor microenvironment) and the solutions currently being studied to overcome them.

conclusionsVarious preclinical and early clinical studies have shown that immunotherapy, especially checkpoint inhibitors, in PDAC may be efficacious as part of a multi-modal treatment, in combination with other therapies that target these resistance mechanisms. Several clinical trials are ongoing to explore this concept further.

Indexed as

AdenocarcinomaCarcinoma, Pancreatic DuctalHumansImmunotherapyImmunotherapyPancreatic ductal adenocarcinomaResistance

Identifiers

PMID30446922
OpenAlexW2901122220

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.