ArticleJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)2018
Nonredundant Roles of IL-21 and IL-4 in the Phased Initiation of Germinal Center B Cells and Subsequent Self-Renewal Transitions.
Article in Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 76 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- An "old" cytokine's new trick: IL-1β in B cells and the germinal center.Function (Oxford, England) · 2026Review
- Mixed Signals: T Cells as Architects of IgE Immunity.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Nanoparticle Immunoadjuvant Complexes Augment Germinal Center Responses to Vaccination.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Pathogenic Role of Cytokines in Rheumatoid Arthritis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Tissue-Resident T Cells That Promote Humoral Immunity: Emerging From the Shadow of T Follicular Helper Cells.Immunological reviews · 2025Review
- IL-21 shapes the B cell response in a context-dependent manner.Cell reports · 2025Article
- Can invariant Natural Killer T cells drive B cell fate? a look at the humoral response.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- T follicular regulatory cells in food allergy promote IgE via IL-4.JCI insight · 2024Article
- Tertiary lymphoid structures in diseases: immune mechanisms and therapeutic advances.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2024Review
- Identification of common mechanisms and biomarkers for dermatomyositis and atherosclerosis based on bioinformatics analysis.Skin research and technology : official journal of International Society for Bioengineering and the Skin (ISBS) [and] International Society for Digital Imaging of Skin (ISDIS) [and] International Society for Skin Imaging (ISSI) · 2024Article
- Review
- Interleukin-4 downregulates transcription factor BCL6 to promote memory B cell selection in germinal centers.Immunity · 2024Article
- T-cell help in the germinal center: homing in on the role of IL-21.International immunology · 2024Article
- IL-17 and IL-21: Their Immunobiology and Therapeutic Potentials.Immune network · 2024Review
- Pretransplant, Th17 dominant alloreactivity in highly sensitized kidney transplant candidates.Frontiers in transplantation · 2024Article
- TIGITFrontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Follicular Helper T Cells in Peyer's Patches and Galactose- Deficient Iga1 Contribute to Iga Nephropathy.Current molecular medicine · 2024Article
- IL-21 shapes germinal center polarization via light zone B cell selection and cyclin D3 upregulation.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2023Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
We examined the unique contributions of the cytokines IL-21 and IL-4 on germinal center (GC) B cell initiation and subsequent maturation in a murine model system. Similar to other reports, we found T follicular helper cell expression of IL-21 begins prior to T follicular helper cell migration into the B cell follicle and precedes that of IL-4. Consistent with this timing, IL-21 signaling has a greater influence on the perifollicular pre-GC B cell transition to the intrafollicular stage. Notably, Bcl6
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.