Observational studyAtherosclerosis2019
Association of elevated circulating fibroblast growth factor 21 levels with prevalent and incident metabolic syndrome: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.
Observational study in Atherosclerosis, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Ethnic differences in metabolic syndrome in high-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2024Pooled it
- Trial
- Effects of Exercise Intervention on Mitochondrial Stress Biomarkers in Metabolic Syndrome Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Trial
- Myokines and mitochondrial function in cardiometabolic diseases.Journal of physiology and biochemistry · 2026Review
- Canonical and Non-Canonical Regulators of Lipid Metabolism in the Liver and the "Liver-Other Organs" Axes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- HFpEF and MASLD: converging mechanisms and clinical implications.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2026Review
- Metabolic Syndrome Is Associated with Increased Plasma Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21) in Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Survivors: Implications for Therapy and Diagnosis.Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology · 2026Article
- Adipocytokines as Pathogenic Mediators and Therapeutic Targets in Metabolic Syndrome-Related Cardiocerebrovascular Events.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2026Review
- Circulating fibroblast growth factor 21 is associated with blood pressure in the Chinese population: a community-based study.Annals of medicine · 2025Article
- Review
- Targeting FGF21 in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases: from mechanism to medicine.International journal of biological sciences · 2023Review
- The elevation of fibroblast growth factor 21 is associated with generalized periodontitis in patients with treated metabolic syndrome.BMC oral health · 2022Article
- Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 as a Marker of Prediabetes in Patients with Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.The Turkish journal of gastroenterology : the official journal of Turkish Society of Gastroenterology · 2022Article
- The Regulatory Role of the Central and Peripheral Serotonin Network on Feeding Signals in Metabolic Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is increased in MDD and interacts with body mass index (BMI) to affect depression trajectory.Translational psychiatry · 2022Article
- Adipose Tissue Distribution, Inflammation and Its Metabolic Consequences, Including Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2020Review
- The role of FGF21 in the interplay between obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a narrative review.Romanian journal of morphology and embryology = Revue roumaine de morphologie et embryologieReview
Corrections and comments
- Reinstatement · 2018-11-13Date of Article and/or Notice Unknown · Notice - Limited or No Information · Retract and Replace · Temporary Removal · Removed · · article reinstated with no notice or reason, html page overwrite (1/28/22 AJA);
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimsFibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) plays an important role in glucose and lipid metabolism. We have investigated the relationship of plasma FGF21 levels with both prevalent and incident metabolic syndrome (MetS) in participants from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA).
methods5783 participants from four major ethnic groups (non-Hispanic white, African American, Hispanic American, and Chinese American) were included in the cross-sectional analysis. Longitudinal analysis involved 3479 participants without MetS at baseline, of whom 1100 participants developed incident MetS over 9.2 years.
resultsElevated FGF21 levels were found in participants with prevalent MetS (median [interquartile range] = 189.4 [114.4-302.1] vs. 123.7 [65.9-210.3] pg/mL, p < 0.001) or incident MetS (145.6 [84.9-240.8] vs 112.0 [57.0-194.5] pg/mL, p < 0.001), compared to those without. After adjusting for baseline demographic, socioeconomic and lifestyle factors, as well as cardiovascular risk factors and biomarkers, and compared to the lowest quartile, the highest FGF21 quartile was associated with prevalent MetS (odds ratio 2.80; 95% confidence interval, 2.30-3.40, p < 0.001). Among participants without MetS at baseline, the highest FGF21 quartile was associated with higher risk of incident MetS (hazards ratio 1.76; 95% confidence interval, 1.46-2.12, p < 0.001). Similar results were obtained when assessing ln-transformed FGF21 levels. Overall, no significant interaction was found with age, sex, and race/ethnicity for both prevalent and incident MetS.
conclusionsHigher FGF21 levels significantly predict the development of MetS in an ethnically diverse population followed long term. Further studies are needed to confirm the potential role of FGF21 as a biomarker for MetS.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.