ReviewInternational journal of environmental research and public health2018
Menstrual Hygiene Management and Waste Disposal in Low and Middle Income Countries-A Review of the Literature.
Review in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A systematic review of menstrual hygiene management (MHM) during humanitarian crises and/or emergencies in low- and middle-income countries.Frontiers in public health · 2022Pooled it
- Adolescent Menstrual Health Literacy in Low, Middle and High-Income Countries: A Narrative Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Exploring menstrual products: A systematic review and meta-analysis of reusable menstrual pads for public health internationally.PloS one · 2021Pooled it
- Delivering water, sanitation and hygiene interventions to women and children in conflict settings: a systematic review.BMJ global health · 2020Pooled it
- Developing a Community-Based Model for the Adoption of Sustainable Menstrual Products Among Adolescent Girls: Protocol for a 2-Phase Interventional Feasibility Study.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- Mapping the social impact of menstrual stigma in Spain.BMC women's health · 2026Article
- Acquaintance and acceptance of menstrual cups among women of reproductive age: a hospital-based cross-sectional study from North India.Korean journal of family medicine · 2025Article
- Heavy menstrual bleeding and association with menstruation-specific resources: A multinational cross-sectional study in low- and middle-income countries.Health & place · 2025Article
- Extruded Porous Protein-Lignocellulosic Blends as Fully Bio-Based Alternative to Single-Use Absorbent Plastics.ACS applied polymer materials · 2025Article
- Article
- Thyroid-stimulating Hormone Levels in Women with Uterine Fibroids: A Healthcare Setting Perspective from Coastal Karnataka.Indian journal of community medicine : official publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social Medicine · 2025Article
- Menstrual blood and ritual beliefs: a qualitative study on menstrual health and hygiene practices among senior high school girls in Volta Region, Ghana.Reproductive health · 2025Article
- Uptake and Adherence to Using a Menstrual Cup for Managing Menstruation Among Women in Rural Areas of India.Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology of India · 2025Article
- Adolescent menstrual health must go beyond pads.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2025Article
- A comparative study of menstrual poverty among urban and rural female learners in government schools of Zambia.BMC women's health · 2025Article
- The ripple effect: impacts of climate change on menstrual health and paths to resilience.Frontiers in global women's health · 2025Review
- Country of origin disparities in sub-optimal menstrual hygiene management and intersecting reproductive health concerns: a pilot study from the Dominican republic.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2025Article
- "Where does my menstruation come from?" Experiences and costs of menstrual hygiene management among Rwandese school girls.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- The condition of women frequently changing sanitary pads in 28 cities of China: a cross-sectional study.Reproductive health · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Menstrual hygiene management (MHM) has gained some attention and several literature reviews have been published. However, both original papers and reviews tend to focus on absorbent access and use and not on the disposal of menstrual waste. This review aims to fill a gap in the water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) sector by bringing a focus specifically on menstrual hygiene safe disposal in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). We reviewed published literature since 2002 on menstrual hygiene with a focus on menstrual waste management and menstrual absorbent disposal in LMIC. Database searches were conducted of both peer reviewed literature and grey literature, in addition to hand searching of references of relevant earlier literature reviews. In total 152 articles and reports were identified and 75 met the inclusion criteria and was included in the final review. Existing polices on MHM was also reviewed with a focus on India and South Africa. The review showed that disposal of menstrual waste is often neglected MHM and sanitation value chains, leading to improper disposal and negative impacts on users, the sanitation systems and the environment. Findings call for further research to gain better understandings of MHM waste streams, disposal behaviors, absorbent materials and waste management technologies to deliver health, safety, mobility and dignity for women and girls.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.