ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2018
DNA Vaccines-How Far From Clinical Use?
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 231 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
231 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 449 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and safety of COVID-19 vaccines.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2022Pooled it
- A systematic review of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2020Pooled it
- Personalized cancer vaccines: bridging immune-oncology and precision medicine for advanced therapeutics.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Minicircle DNA Vaccines: Overcoming Delivery and Expression Barriers in Next-Generation Immunization.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Recent research progress and clinical status of immunotherapy for colorectal cancer.Journal of advanced research · 2026Review
- Immunotherapy targeting drug-tolerant Mycobacterium tuberculosis persisters accelerates tuberculosis cure in preclinical models.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- Direct Cytoplasmic Transcription and Trimeric RBD Design Synergize to Enhance DNA Vaccine Potency Against SARS-CoV-2.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- West Nile Virus: Epidemiology, Surveillance, and Prophylaxis with a Comparative Insight from Italy and Iran.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Target, silence, replace: a review on RNA-based drugs in modern medicine.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Development and Immunogenicity Assessment of a Multi-Epitope Antigen Against Zika Virus: An In Silico and In Vivo Approach.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Understanding of endo/lysosomal escape of nanomaterials in biomedical application.Smart molecules : open access · 2025Review
- Modifying non-coding regions of linear DNA vaccines to explore the interplay of expression and inflammation in immunogenicity.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Personalizing DNA Cancer Vaccines.Journal of personalized medicine · 2025Review
- Emerging Therapeutic Strategies for Lung Cancer: The Role of Immunotherapy and HPV-Targeted Cancer Vaccines.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Comprehensive and translational pathobiology of COVID-19 based on cellular and molecular techniques.Practical laboratory medicine · 2025Review
- Correlation of radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy with hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence.World journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2025Review
- Article
- Current perspectives in the epidemiology and control of lymphatic filariasis.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2025Review
- The urease E subunit vaccine stimulate the immune response versus Helicobacter pylori in animal model.Immunologic research · 2025Article
- Replicon RNA vaccines: design, delivery, and immunogenicity in infectious diseases and cancer.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2025Review
171 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Two decades ago successful transfection of antigen presenting cells (APC) in vivo was demonstrated which resulted in the induction of primary adaptive immune responses. Due to the good biocompatibility of plasmid DNA, their cost-efficient production and long shelf life, many researchers aimed to develop DNA vaccine-based immunotherapeutic strategies for treatment of infections and cancer, but also autoimmune diseases and allergies. This review aims to summarize our current knowledge on the course of action of DNA vaccines, and which factors are responsible for the poor immunogenicity in human so far. Important optimization steps that improve DNA transfection efficiency comprise the introduction of DNA-complexing nano-carriers aimed to prevent extracellular DNA degradation, enabling APC targeting, and enhanced endo/lysosomal escape of DNA. Attachment of virus-derived nuclear localization sequences facilitates nuclear entry of DNA. Improvements in DNA vaccine design include the use of APC-specific promotors for transcriptional targeting, the arrangement of multiple antigen sequences, the co-delivery of molecular adjuvants to prevent tolerance induction, and strategies to circumvent potential inhibitory effects of the vector backbone. Successful clinical use of DNA vaccines may require combined employment of all of these parameters, and combination treatment with additional drugs.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.