ReviewThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2019
Potential Roles of CD34+ Fibrocytes Masquerading as Orbital Fibroblasts in Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy.
Review in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Rats develop more robust and persistent peritoneal adhesion phenotypes than mice: a multimodal comparative study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Expression and significance of IL-27 and IL-35 in orbital fat in patients with severe TAO.Diagnostic pathology · 2026Article
- MicroRNAs in thyroid eye disease: expression signatures and clinical implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- How to manage thyroid eye disease: recent advances - a narrative review.Drugs in context · 2026Review
- Unravelling the pathogenic mechanisms in Graves' orbitopathy.European thyroid journal · 2025Review
- Inflammatory profiling and immune cell infiltration in dysthyroid optic neuropathy: insights from bulk RNA sequencing.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Article
- PAPP-A as a Potential Target in Thyroid Eye Disease.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2024Article
- An L-type calcium channel blocker nimodipine exerts anti-fibrotic effects by attenuating TGF-β1 induced calcium response in an in vitro model of thyroid eye disease.Eye and vision (London, England) · 2024Article
- Fibrocyte Participation in Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy Suggests New Approaches to Therapy.Ophthalmic plastic and reconstructive surgery · 2023Review
- Review
- A review of TSHR- and IGF-1R-related pathogenesis and treatment of Graves' orbitopathy.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Teprotumumab Divergently Alters Fibrocyte Gene Expression: Implications for Thyroid-associated Ophthalmopathy.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2022Article
- Novel inflammatory biomarkers in thyroid eye disease.European journal of endocrinology · 2022Article
- Targeting fibrocytes in autoimmunity.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Mechanisms That Underly T Cell Immunity in Graves' Orbitopathy.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Review
- Slit2 Regulates Hyaluronan & Cytokine Synthesis in Fibrocytes: Potential Relevance to Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2021Article
- Cytokines as Targets of Novel Therapies for Graves' Ophthalmopathy.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Review
- Teprotumumab: a novel therapeutic monoclonal antibody for thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy.Expert opinion on investigational drugs · 2020Review
- 4-Methylumbelliferone suppresses hyaluronan and adipogenesis in primary cultured orbital fibroblasts from Graves' orbitopathy.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Context: Orbital tissues in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy exhibit particular reactivity and undergo characteristic remodeling. Mechanisms underlying these changes have remained largely unexplained. Studies have characterized orbital connective tissues and derivative fibroblasts to gain insights into local manifestations of a systemic autoimmune syndrome. Evidence Acquisition: A systematic search of PubMed was undertaken for studies related to thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO), orbital fibroblasts, and fibrocytes involved in pathogenesis. Evidence Synthesis: Orbital tissues display marked cellular heterogeneity. Fibroblast subsets, putatively derived from multiple precursors, inhabit the orbit in TAO. Among them are cells displaying the CD34+CXC chemokine receptor 4+collagen I+ phenotype, identifying them as fibrocytes, derived from the monocyte lineage. Their unique presence in the TAO orbit helps explain the tissue reactivity and characteristic remodeling that occurs in the disease. Their unanticipated expression of several proteins traditionally thought to be thyroid gland specific, including the TSH receptor and thyroglobulin, may underlie orbital involvement in Graves disease. Although no currently available information unambiguously establishes that CD34+ orbital fibroblasts originate from circulating fibrocytes, inferences from animal models of lung disease suggest that they derive from bone marrow. Further studies are necessary to determine whether fibrocyte abundance and activity in the orbit determine the clinical behavior of TAO. Conclusion: Evidence supports a role for fibrocytes in the pathogenesis of TAO. Recognition of their presence in the orbit now allows development of therapies specifically targeting these cells that ultimately could allow the restoration of immune tolerance within the orbit and perhaps systemically.
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