Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30444935›Full record

ArticleThe Journal of rural health : official journal of the American Rural Health Association and the National Rural Health Care Association2019

Differences in Rural and Urban Health Information Access and Use.

Xuewei Chen, Heather Orom, Jennifer L Hay, Erika A Waters, Elizabeth Schofield, Yuelin Li, Marc T Kiviniemi

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The Journal of rural health : official journal of the American Rural Health Association and the National Rural Health Care Association, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07084818 (Enabling Self-Care for Pessary Users in Rural Setting), which is not on this map. Cited by 301 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
301citing papers in PubMed, 8 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07084818 naenrolling by invitationnot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

Enabling Self-Care for Pessary Users in Rural Setting

TypeinterventionalSponsorDartmouth-Hitchcock Medical CenterRan2025 to 2026Enrolled120ConditionsPelvic Organ ProlapseArmsReia System pessary self-care management, Standard pessary office-based management
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

301 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  20. Outcomes That Matter in Gastrointestinal Cancer Care: A Focus Group Study of Patient-Centred Outcomes Identified by Patients and Care Partners.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2026
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241 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Xuewei ChenDepartment of Community Health and Health Behavior, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York.ORCID 0000-0001-6391-1459
Heather OromDepartment of Community Health and Health Behavior, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York.
Jennifer L HayDepartment of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
Erika A WatersDepartment of Surgery (Division of Public Health Sciences), Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, Missouri.
Elizabeth SchofieldDepartment of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
Yuelin LiDepartment of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
Marc T KiviniemiDepartment of Health, Behavior, and Society, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.

Funding

X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHYP30CA008748 · NCI · SLOAN-KETTERING INSTITUTE FOR CANCER RES · PI Nicholas D Socci · 1985 to 2026
$347.4M
Psychosocial Palliative & Community Research in CancerT32CA009461 · NCI · SLOAN-KETTERING INSTITUTE FOR CANCER RES · PI JENNIFER L HAY, Jamie S. Ostroff · 1985 to 2026
$10.1M
"Don't Know" Responses to Risk Perception Questions: Identifying Mechanisms and SolutionsR01CA197351 · NCI · STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK AT BUFFALO · PI HAY, JENNIFER L, OROM, HEATHER · 2015 to 2018
$1.4M
NCI NIH HHS P30 CA008748NCI NIH HHS R01 CA197351NCI NIH HHS T32 CA009461
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeRural residents may have lower access to and use of certain health information sources relative to urban residents. We investigated differences in information source access and use between rural and urban US adults and whether having low health literacy might exacerbate rural disparities in access to and use of health information.

methodsSix hundred participants (50% rural) completed an online survey about access and use of 25 health information sources. We used logistic regression models to test associations between rurality and access to and use of health information sources and whether rurality interacted with health literacy to predict the access and use.

findingsCompared to urban residents, rural residents had lower access to health information from sources including primary care providers, specialist doctors, blogs, and magazines, and less use of search engines. After accounting for sociodemographics, rural residents only had lower access to specialist doctors than urban residents. Rural residents with limited health literacy had lower access to mass media and scientific literature but higher use of corporations/companies than rural residents with adequate health literacy and urban residents regardless of health literacy level.

conclusionsSome differences in access to and use of health information sources may be accounted for by sociodemographic differences between rural and urban populations. There may be structural barriers such as shortage of specialist doctors and limited media exposure that make it harder for rural residents to access health information, especially those with limited health literacy.

Indexed as

Information DisseminationAdultAgedChi-Square DistributionFemaleHealth Services AccessibilityHumansMaleMiddle AgedRural PopulationSurveys and QuestionnairesUrban Populationhealth information accesshealth information usehealth literacyrural-urban health disparities

Identifiers

PMID30444935
PMCPMC6522336

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.