Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30443418›Full record

ArticleHealthcare informatics research2018

Google Search Trends Predicting Disease Outbreaks: An Analysis from India.

Madhur Verma, Kamal Kishore, Mukesh Kumar, Aparajita Ravi Sondh, Gaurav Aggarwal, Soundappan Kathirvel

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Healthcare informatics research, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
38citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
10.0field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

38 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 103 citations in OpenAlex.

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  6. Early Warning of Infectious Disease Outbreaks Using Social Media and Digital Data: A Scoping Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.

Madhur VermaDepartment of Community Medicine, Kalpana Chawla Government Medical College and Hospital, Karnal, India.
Kamal KishoreDepartment of Biostatistics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India.
Mukesh KumarDepartment of Community Medicine, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India.
Aparajita Ravi SondhState Integrated Disease Surveillance Project (IDSP) Cell, Department of Health, Haryana, India.
Gaurav AggarwalIntegrated Disease Surveillance Project (IDSP), Chandigarh Administration, Chandigarh, India.
Soundappan KathirvelDepartment of Community Medicine, School of Public Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4839-0138
Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research · INChandigarh University · INGovernment of Haryana · INKalpana Chawla Government Medical College and Hospital · INVardhman Mahavir Medical College & Safdarjung Hospital · IN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesPrompt detection is a cornerstone in the control and prevention of infectious diseases. The Integrated Disease Surveillance Project of India identifies outbreaks, but it does not exactly predict outbreaks. This study was conducted to assess temporal correlation between Google Trends and Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme (IDSP) data and to determine the feasibility of using Google Trends for the prediction of outbreaks or epidemics.

methodsThe Google search queries related to malaria, dengue fever, chikungunya, and enteric fever for Chandigarh union territory and Haryana state of India in 2016 were extracted and compared with presumptive form data of the IDSP. Spearman correlation and scatter plots were used to depict the statistical relationship between the two datasets. Time trend plots were constructed to assess the correlation between Google search trends and disease notification under the IDSP.

resultsTemporal correlation was observed between the IDSP reporting and Google search trends. Time series analysis of the Google Trends showed strong correlation with the IDSP data with a lag of -2 to -3 weeks for chikungunya and dengue fever in Chandigarh (

conclusionsSimilar results were obtained when applying the results of previous studies to specific diseases, and it is considered that many other diseases should be studied at the national and sub-national levels.

Indexed as

Communicable DiseasesDisease OutbreaksEpidemiological MonitoringInformation TechnologyPublic Health Surveillance

Identifiers

PMID30443418
PMCPMC6230529
OpenAlexW2900307593

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.