ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2018
Ethinylestradiol and Levonorgestrel as Active Agents in Normal Skin, and Pathological Conditions Induced by UVB Exposure: In Vitro and In Ovo Assessments.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Recent investigations on the impact of levonorgestrel and 17β-ethinylestradiol on melanoma.Journal of medicine and life · 2025Article
- Cutaneous Polymeric-Micelles-Based Hydrogel ContainingPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- UVA/UVB Irradiation Exerts a Distinct Phototoxic Effect on Human Keratinocytes Compared to Human Malignant Melanoma Cells.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- The Anti-Melanoma Effect of Betulinic Acid Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles: A Mechanistic In Vitro Approach.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Space Maintainers Used in Pediatric Dentistry: An Insight of Their Biosecurity Profile by Applying In Vitro Methods.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Novel SynthesizedInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- 3-Pyridinylidene Derivatives of Chemically Modified Lupane and Ursane Triterpenes as Promising Anticancer Agents by Targeting Apoptosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Insights into the Behavior of Triple-Negative MDA-MB-231 Breast Carcinoma Cells Following the Treatment with 17β-Ethinylestradiol and Levonorgestrel.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Exposure to cadmium and copper triggers cytotoxic effects and epigenetic changes in human colorectal carcinoma HT-29 cells.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2021Article
- Comparative Toxicological In Vitro and In Ovo Screening of Different Orthodontic Implants Currently Used in Dentistry.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- A Custom-Made Orthodontic Mini-Implant-Effect of Insertion Angle and Cortical Bone Thickness on Stress Distribution with a Complex In Vitro and In Vivo Biosafety Profile.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Article
- Sex Hormone Receptor Signals in Human Malignancies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The link between melanoma development and the use of oral combined contraceptives is not fully elucidated, and the data concerning this issue are scarce and controversial. In the present study, we show that the components of oral contraceptives, ethinylestradiol (EE), levonorgestrel (LNG), and their combination (EE + LNG) ± UVB (ultraviolet B radiation) induced differential effects on healthy (human keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and primary epidermal melanocytes, and murine epidermis cells) and melanoma cells (human-A375 and murine-B164A5), as follows: (i) at low doses (1 µM), the hormones were devoid of significant toxicity on healthy cells, but in melanoma cells, they triggered cell death via apoptosis; (ii) higher doses (10 µM) were associated with cytotoxicity in all cells, the most affected being the melanoma cells; (iii) UVB irradiation proved to be toxic for all types of cells; (iv) UVB irradiation + hormonal stimulation led to a synergistic cytotoxicity in the case of human melanoma cells-A375 and improved viability rates of healthy and B164A5 cells. A weak irritant potential exerted by EE and EE + LNG (10 µM) was assessed by the means of a chick chorioallantoic membrane assay. Further studies are required to elucidate the hormones' cell type-dependent antimelanoma effect and the role played by melanin in this context.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.