ArticlePloS one2018
The pathways between female garment workers' experience of violence and development of depressive symptoms.
Article in PloS one, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- Linking Women's Empowerment to Mental Health Symptoms: Population-Based Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2026Article
- Household-related stress, intimate partner violence and mental health: exploring the syndemic in urban slum women in Bangladesh during Covid-19 pandemic.International journal for equity in health · 2025Article
- Prevalence and associated factors of post-traumatic stress disorder among women with an experience of intimate partner violence (IPV): Insights from urban slums of Bangladesh.Global mental health (Cambridge, England) · 2025Article
- Prevalence and risk factors of sexual harassment in the workplace by female readymade garment workers in Bangladesh.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Exploring the pattern of mental health support-seeking behaviour and related barriers among women experiencing intimate partner violence in urban slums of Bangladesh: perspectives from multiple level stakeholders.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Utilization of sexual and reproductive health services among construction worker women in southern Ethiopia.BMC women's health · 2024Article
- Sexual violence and associated factors among female large-scale industry workers in Bahir Dar city administration, Amhara region, Ethiopia.The Pan African medical journal · 2024Article
- Self-esteem in the context of intimate partner violence: A concept analysis.Nursing forum · 2022Article
- The Paradoxical Impacts of the Minimum Wage Implementation on Ready-made Garment (RMG) Workers: A Qualitative Study.The Indian journal of labour economics : the quarterly journal of the Indian Society of Labour Economics · 2022Article
- Social norms and the association between intimate partner violence and depression in rural Bangladesh-a multilevel analysis.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2021Article
- Women's experiences of economic coercion and depressive symptoms in Matlab, Bangladesh.SSM - population health · 2020Article
- Intimate partner violence is associated with poorer maternal mental health and breastfeeding practices in Bangladesh.Health policy and planning · 2020Article
- The North American Helpline initiative in Bangladesh for garment workers.Journal of occupational health · 2020Article
- Depression and Workplace Stress among the Garment Industry Workers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Indian journal of occupational and environmental medicineReview
- Sufferings in silence: Violence against female workers in the ready-made garment industry in Bangladesh: A qualitative exploration.Women's health (London, England)Article
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5 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundThe prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) is high (54%) in Bangladesh. Moreover, female garment workers report higher rates of IPV and are also vulnerable to workplace violence (WPV). Experience of violence puts women at increased risk of developing depressive symptoms, which are related with low self-esteem, lower life satisfaction and lower productivity. To our knowledge, there has been no previous research on depression among female garment workers and its connections to IPV and WPV in Bangladesh. This paper aims to address this gap by studying the relationship of IPV, WPV and depression among female garment workers.
methodsThe data for this paper comes from a cross-sectional survey of female garment workers (n = 800) conducted as baseline survey of a quasi-experimental study known as HERrespect. Survey data were collected during September-December, 2016 among randomly selected female garment workers from eight garment factories in and around Dhaka city. Structural equation modelling was conducted to explore the relationship among IPV, WPV and depression.
resultsThe findings show high rates of any IPV (69%); WPV (73%, experienced or witnessed) and depressive symptomatology (40%) among female garment workers. The analysis of pathways shows that IPV impacts a woman's experience of WPV and work related stress leading to the development of depression; while WPV had direct and mediated pathways to depression. Experience of controlling by their husband leads to WPV and increased work related stress, and thus leads to depression. It also reveals that a worker's ability to mobilize resources in emergency, however, increased self-esteem and reduced work related stress.
conclusionThis study shows the pathways through which experience of IPV and WPV lead to development of depressive symptoms among female garment workers. The link between women's ability to mobilize resources with self-esteem and work related stress indicates the need for socio-economic empowerment of women and may suggest that combined intervention to address IPV and women's empowerment could be successful in dealing with WPV and mental health.
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