Trial reportMedicine2018
Efficacy and safety of rituximab in childhood-onset, difficult-to-treat nephrotic syndrome: A multicenter open-label trial in Korea.
Trial report in Medicine, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Interventions for idiopathic steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome in children.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Non-corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications for steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Rituximab May Have Positive Effect on Refractory Nephrotic Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials.Computational and mathematical methods in medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Rituximab for Steroid-Dependent or Frequently Relapsing Nephrotic Syndrome in Children.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2021Pooled it
- The Efficacy and Safety of Rituximab for Childhood Steroid-Dependent Nephrotic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2021Pooled it
- Non-corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications for steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Interventions for idiopathic steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome in children.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Steroid-sparing drugs in children and young adults with nephrotic syndrome: a target trial emulation.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2026Trial
- Efficacy of rituximab versus tacrolimus in difficult-to-treat steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome: an open-label pilot randomized controlled trial.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2022Trial
- Discontinuation of mycophenolate mofetil as maintenance therapy after rituximab treatment in childhood-onset complicated frequently relapsing or steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Article
- Evaluation of the comparative efficacy and safety of obinutuzumab and other follow-up strategies after rituximab failure in refractory nephrotic syndrome.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Article
- Infection prophylaxis following anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies in childhood kidney diseases.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Review
- The safety of rituximab in pediatric nephrotic syndrome patients: a pharmacovigilance study of the FAERS database.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Tumor lysis syndrome in children with hematological malignancies: a nephrology perspective in resource-limited settings.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Review
- Long-term outcome of mycophenolate mofetil after a single dose of rituximab in childhood-onset refractory idiopathic nephrotic syndrome.Clinical and experimental nephrology · 2025Article
- Utilization of anti-CD20 antibodies for treatment of childhood nephrotic syndrome, 2010 to 2022.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2025Article
- Anti-B Cell Strategy in Nephrotic Syndrome: Beyond Rituximab.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Clinical practice guidelines for rituximab treatment in children with steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome.World journal of pediatrics : WJP · 2025Review
- Early relapse during B lymphocyte depletion of children with frequently relapse /steroid dependent nephrotic syndrome after rituximab treatment.BMC nephrology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 9 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab (RTX) has been proposed as a rescue therapy for difficult-to-treat nephrotic syndrome (NS). We conducted a clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of RTX in children with difficult-to-treat NS dependent on or resistant to steroids and calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs).
methodsA multicenter open-label trial was performed at 8 major pediatric nephrology centers in Korea. The investigation consisted of a randomized controlled trial for steroid- and CNI-dependent NS (DDNS; randomization into the RTX group and the control group, at a ratio of 2:1) and a single-arm study of steroid and CNI-resistant NS (DRNS). DDNS patients in the RTX group and DRNS patients received a single dose of intravenous RTX (375 mg/m of body surface area) for B-cell depletion. A second RTX dose was administered at week 2 if the first dose failed to achieve depletion of CD19(+) cells. The primary endpoint was rate of maintaining remission at 6 months after treatment for DDNS and rate of remission achievement for DRNS.
resultsSixty-one children with DDNS were enrolled while in remission and randomized to the control group (21 patients) or the RTX group (40 patients). At 6 months after treatment, the remission rates were 74.3% in the RTX group and 31.3% in the control group (P = .003). The mean duration of remission maintenance was significantly higher in the RTX group than in the control group (9.0 vs 2.9 months, P = .004). Of the 23 patients with DRNS enrolled in the single-arm study and treated with RTX, 9 (39.1%) achieved partial or complete remission within 6 months. Depletion of B cells occurred in all patients with RTX therapy. Thirty patients (50.8% of 59 patients analyzed) experienced mild and transient infusion reaction during RTX administration, and most adverse events were mild.
conclusionsRTX administration was safe and effective in patients with difficult-to-treat NS. One or 2 doses of RTX may be sufficient to deplete B cells and achieve better control of pediatric NS.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.