Trial reportJournal of neurotrauma2019
Electrophysiological Guidance of Epidural Electrode Array Implantation over the Human Lumbosacral Spinal Cord to Enable Motor Function after Chronic Paralysis.
Trial report in Journal of neurotrauma, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 50 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Feasibility Study: Epidural Stimulation to Enable Volitional Movement After Chronic Complete Paralysis in Humans.
Epidural Spinal Cord Stimulation for Lower Extremity Motor Function in Spinal Cord Injury
Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 81 citations in OpenAlex.
- Functional outcomes and participants' perspectives during short-term application of spinal stimulation in individuals with spinal cord injury.The journal of spinal cord medicine · 2025Trial
- From Trial to Chronic Epidural Electrical Stimulation: A Single-Patient Feasibility Study in Motor-Complete Spinal Cord Injury.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Therapy-specific motoneuron activation with epidural and dorsal root ganglion stimulation in spinal cord injury.Journal of neurophysiology · 2026Article
- Perilesional neuromodulation replaces lost sensorimotor function in persons with spinal cord injury.Nature biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- A modular, high-bandwidth, bidirectional implantable device for neural interrogation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Overlapping mechanisms of epidural spinal cord stimulation for pain control and movement recovery.Current opinion in neurology · 2025Review
- Nanogenerator Neuromodulation to Enable Locomotion Rehabilitation for Spinal Cord Injury via Epidural Electrical Stimulation.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Traumatic spinal cord injury: a review of the current state of art and future directions - what do we know and where are we going?North American Spine Society journal · 2025Article
- Epidural Stimulation and Resistance Training (REST-SCI) for Overground Locomotion After Spinal Cord Injury: Randomized Clinical Trial Protocol.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Review
- Role of Epidural Electrode Stimulation in Three Patients with Incomplete AIS D Spinal Cord Injury.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Participant Perspectives on an Invasive Spinal Neuromodulation Study for Functional Sensorimotor and Autonomic Restoration in Chronic Thoracic Spinal Cord Injury: A Qualitative Case Series.Topics in spinal cord injury rehabilitation · 2025Article
- Multi-session transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation prevents chloride homeostasis imbalance and the development of hyperreflexia after spinal cord injury in rat.Experimental neurology · 2024Article
- Targeted Selection of Stimulation Parameters for Restoration of Motor and Autonomic Function in Individuals With Spinal Cord Injury.Neuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society · 2024Article
- Electrical Stimulation and Motor Function Rehabilitation in Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review.Cureus · 2024Review
- Epidural Spinal Cord Stimulation for Spinal Cord Injury in Humans: A Systematic Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Consecutive Transcutaneous and Epidural Spinal Cord Neuromodulation to Modify Clinical Complete Paralysis-the Proof of Concept.Mayo Clinic proceedings. Innovations, quality & outcomes · 2024Article
- Multi-session transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation prevents chloridehomeostasis imbalance and the development of spasticity after spinal cordinjury in rat.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Spinal cord stimulation for spinal cord injury - Where do we stand? A narrative review.Journal of clinical orthopaedics and trauma · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Epidural electrical stimulation (EES) of the spinal cord has been shown to restore function after spinal cord injury (SCI). Characterization of EES-evoked motor responses has provided a basic understanding of spinal sensorimotor network activity related to EES-enabled motor activity of the lower extremities. However, the use of EES-evoked motor responses to guide EES system implantation over the spinal cord and their relation to post-operative EES-enabled function in humans with chronic paralysis attributed to SCI has yet to be described. Herein, we describe the surgical and intraoperative electrophysiological approach used, followed by initial EES-enabled results observed in 2 human subjects with motor complete paralysis who were enrolled in a clinical trial investigating the use of EES to enable motor functions after SCI. The 16-contact electrode array was initially positioned under fluoroscopic guidance. Then, EES-evoked motor responses were recorded from select leg muscles and displayed in real time to determine electrode array proximity to spinal cord regions associated with motor activity of the lower extremities. Acceptable array positioning was determined based on achievement of selective proximal or distal leg muscle activity, as well as bilateral muscle activation. Motor response latencies were not significantly different between intraoperative recordings and post-operative recordings, indicating that array positioning remained stable. Additionally, EES enabled intentional control of step-like activity in both subjects within the first 5 days of testing. These results suggest that the use of EES-evoked motor responses may guide intraoperative positioning of epidural electrodes to target spinal cord circuitry to enable motor functions after SCI.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.