ReviewClinical and experimental medicine2019
Clinical practice: hepatitis C virus infection, cryoglobulinemia and cryoglobulinemic vasculitis.
Review in Clinical and experimental medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hepatitis C Guidance 2019 Update: American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases-Infectious Diseases Society of America Recommendations for Testing, Managing, and Treating Hepatitis C Virus Infection.Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) · 2020Guideline
- The Role of Direct-Acting Antivirals (DAAs) in Hepatitis C Virus-Associated Lymphoproliferative Disorders.Cancers · 2026Review
- Article
- Peripheral Ulcerative Keratitis: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Multimodal Management.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Article
- Hepatitis C associated mixed cryoglobulinemia glomerulonephritis in the setting of undetectable viral load: successful treatment with hydroxychloroquine and review of the literature.Immunologic research · 2025Review
- Thrombosis in vasculitis: An updated review of etiology, pathophysiology, and treatment.Heliyon · 2024Review
- Ocular manifestations of cryoglobulinemia: a reappraisal.Eye (London, England) · 2024Observational
- Cryoglobulinemia: the "cold" problem in cardiac surgery, a single-center experience and a literature review.Journal of anesthesia, analgesia and critical care · 2024Review
- Autoimmunity and Infection in Glomerular Disease.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- The wide spectrum of cryoglobulinemic vasculitis and an overview of therapeutic advancements.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2023Review
- Coexistence of cryoglobulinemia and ANCA-associated vasculitis in a chronic brucellosis patient -a case report and literature review.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Review
- Rare manifestations of cryoglobulinemic vasculitis: a case report.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- [Update on etiopathogenesis of small vessel vasculitis].Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie · 2022Review
- Serum cystatin C is an early renal dysfunction biomarker in patients with hepatitis C virus.Egyptian liver journal · 2022Article
- Evolution of Cryoglobulinemia in Direct-Acting Antiviral-Treated Asian Hepatitis C Patients With Sustained Virological Responses: A 4-Year Prospective Cohort Study.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Hepatitis C Virus-Related Central and Peripheral Nervous System Disorders.Brain sciences · 2021Review
- Poor Prognosis of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma with Hepatitis C Infection.Journal of personalized medicine · 2021Article
- Pseudo-chilblain lesions and COVID-19: a controversial relationship.International journal of dermatology · 2021Article
- HCV infection and non-Hodgkin lymphomas: an evolving story.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Cryoglobulins are circulating immunoglobulins that reversibly precipitate at temperatures below 37 °C. Type-II cryoglobulins consist of monoclonal IgM/polyclonal IgG immune complexes (ICs), whereas in type-III cryoglobulins both IgM and IgG are polyclonal. The clinical condition resulting from the presence of cryoglobulins in the blood is called mixed cryoglobulinemia (MC), which can be asymptomatic or manifest as cryoglobulinemic vasculitis (CV). Type-I cryoglobulins, consisting of a single monoclonal isotype, are detected in patients with lymphoproliferative disorders. It is now established that > 90% of MCs are associated with HCV infection. Clinically, the spectrum of symptoms may range in severity from occasional purpuric eruptions to life-threatening features. In addition to the development of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, the possible progression of HCV-positive CV patients to B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL) has been reported. The pathogenetic role played by HCV infection in the onset of B-NHL is suggested by regression of the latter following the achievement of a sustained virologic response (SVR). For several years, interferon-α alone or combined with ribavirin has been the standard of care. However, the rates of clinical, biochemical, and virologic responses have been low, and the occurrence of relapse frequent. The addition of rituximab has resulted in a higher rate of responses. With the advent of direct-acting antiviral agents, SVR has been achieved in ~ 95% of CV patients. However, in a minority of patients, despite SVR, CV may persist or reappear over variable lengths of time from the completion of therapy. The eventual appearance of B-NHL is also possible.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.