SynthesisThe western journal of emergency medicine2018
The Emergency Department as an Opportunity for Naloxone Distribution.
Synthesis in The western journal of emergency medicine, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed.
- Take-home naloxone in multicentre emergency settings: the TIME feasibility cluster RCT.Health technology assessment (Winchester, England) · 2024Trial
- Point-of-sale Naloxone: Novel Community-based Research to Identify Naloxone Availability.The western journal of emergency medicine · 2020Trial
- A scoping review of emergency department take-home naloxone on patient and health outcomes.CJEM · 2026Article
- Policy recommendations for overdose response hotlines and applications as a harm reduction tool: A commentary.Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique · 2026Article
- Characteristics of Overdoses and Harm Reduction Behaviors From Case Investigations of Suspected Nonfatal Opioid Overdoses-Maricopa County, Arizona, September 2021-August 2023.Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974) · 2025Article
- Dispensing hope: leveraging distribution boxes to enhance low-barrier access to naloxone in healthcare settings.Harm reduction journal · 2025Article
- Take-Home Naloxone in Opioid Dependency: An Intervention to Reduce Opioid-Related Deaths.Deutsches Arzteblatt international · 2025Review
- Clinical Decision Support to Increase Emergency Department Naloxone Coprescribing: Implementation Report.JMIR medical informatics · 2024Article
- Opioid-specific harm reduction in the emergency department: how staff provide harm reduction and contextual factors that impact their capacity to engage in harm reduction practice.Harm reduction journal · 2024Article
- Naloxone distribution programs in the emergency department: A scoping review of the literature.Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians open · 2024Article
- Article
- The effectiveness of a noninterruptive alert to increase prescription of take-home naloxone in emergency departments.Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA · 2023Observational
- Motivation to Carry Naloxone: A Qualitative Analysis of Emergency Department Patients.American journal of health promotion : AJHP · 2023Article
- A pilot study of a mixed-method approach to design an ED-based peer mHealth referral tool for HIV/HCV and opioid overdose prevention services.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2022Article
- The Identification of Subphenotypes and Associations with Health Outcomes in Patients with Opioid-Related Emergency Department Encounters Using Latent Class Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Businesses in high drug use areas as potential sources of naloxone during overdose emergencies.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2022Article
- Naloxone and Buprenorphine Prescribing Following US Emergency Department Visits for Suspected Opioid Overdose: August 2019 to April 2021.Annals of emergency medicine · 2022Article
- Assessment of Patient-Reported Naloxone Acquisition and Carrying With an Automated Text Messaging System After Emergency Department Discharge in Philadelphia.JAMA network open · 2022Article
- Emergency department visits and trends related to cocaine, psychostimulants, and opioids in the United States, 2008-2018.BMC emergency medicine · 2022Article
- Perspectives of Stakeholders of Equitable Access to Community Naloxone Programs: A Literature Review.Cureus · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionSubstance use disorders, including opioid use disorders, are a major public health concern in the United States. Between 2005 and 2014, the rate of opioid-related emergency department (ED) visits nearly doubled, from 89.1 per 100,000 persons in 2005 to 177.7 per 100,000 persons in 2014. Thus, the ED presents a distinctive opportunity for harm-reduction strategies such as distribution of naloxone to patients who are at risk for an opioid overdose.
methodsWe conducted a systematic review of all existing literature related to naloxone distribution from the ED. We included only those articles published in peer-reviewed journals that described results relating to naloxone distribution from the ED.
resultsOf the 2,286 articles we identified from the search, five met the inclusion criteria and had direct relevance to naloxone distribution from the ED setting. Across the studies, we found variation in the methods of implementation and evaluation of take-home naloxone programs in the ED. In the three studies that attempted patient follow-up, success was low, limiting the evidence for the programs' effectiveness. Overall, in the included studies there is evidence that distributing take-home naloxone from the ED has the potential for harm reduction; however, the uptake of the practice remained low. Barriers to implementation included time allocated for training hospital staff and the burden on workflow.
conclusionThis systematic review of the best evidence available supports the ED as a potential setting for naloxone distribution for overdose reversal in the community. The variability of the implementation methods across the studies highlights the need for future research to determine the most effective practices.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.