Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30428933›Full record

Trial reportBMC public health2018

The effects of the European e-cigarette health warnings and comparative health messages on non-smokers' and smokers' risk perceptions and behavioural intentions.

Catherine Kimber, Daniel Frings, Sharon Cox, Ian Albery, Lynne Dawkins

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in BMC public health, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Catherine KimberCentre for Addictive Behaviours Research, Division of Psychology, School of Applied Sciences, 103 Borough road, London South Bank University, London, SE1 0AA, UK. kimberc3@lsbu.ac.uk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9994-8640
Daniel FringsCentre for Addictive Behaviours Research, Division of Psychology, School of Applied Sciences, 103 Borough road, London South Bank University, London, SE1 0AA, UK.
Sharon CoxCentre for Addictive Behaviours Research, Division of Psychology, School of Applied Sciences, 103 Borough road, London South Bank University, London, SE1 0AA, UK.
Ian AlberyCentre for Addictive Behaviours Research, Division of Psychology, School of Applied Sciences, 103 Borough road, London South Bank University, London, SE1 0AA, UK.
Lynne DawkinsCentre for Addictive Behaviours Research, Division of Psychology, School of Applied Sciences, 103 Borough road, London South Bank University, London, SE1 0AA, UK.

Funding

Cancer Research UK 25855
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundArticle 20 of the EU Tobacco Products Directive [TPD] stipulates that e-cigarette packets and refill products must carry a nicotine addiction health warning. Although previous studies conducted in North America have found that perceived harm, addictiveness and intention to use declined following exposure to e-cigarette health warnings, possible effects of the TPD health warnings on smokers and non-smokers has not been studied. This study will investigate the effects of the EU TPD e-cigarette health warnings and a comparative harm message (COMP; developed specifically for this study) on smokers' and non-smokers' perceptions of harm, addictiveness and social acceptability of e-cigarettes. Additionally, the potential effects of the TPD warnings and the COMP on smokers' intentions to purchase and use e-cigarettes will be explored. METHODS/

designA sample of 2400 UK residents will be recruited in this experimental, randomised design, with Smoking status (Smoker vs. Non-smoker), TPD presence (TPD1 vs. TPD2 vs. No-TPD) and COMP presence (Presence vs. Absence) as between subjects independent variables, and Time (pre-post exposure of images) as a within subjects factor. Dependent variables comprise self-reported perceived harm, addictiveness, social acceptability, e-cigarettes' effectiveness, intentions to purchase and use e-cigarettes. Cigarette dependence, previous e-cigarette exposure, and baseline intentions to quit will be measured as covariates. DISCUSSION: Health warnings, such as those implemented by the TPD, may help to prevent non-smokers from e-cigarettes use, but it is possible that they may inadvertently deter smokers from initiating use and substituting their tobacco smoking for e-cigarettes use if their content is deemed too negative. It is hoped that this study will help identify the most effective message or combination of messages that encourage use among smokers without promoting use among non-smokers.

trial registrationISRCTN registry ISRCTN76967031 ; date of registration: 23/10/18.

Indexed as

Electronic Nicotine Delivery SystemsHealth CommunicationHealth Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeProduct LabelingAdultBehavior, AddictiveFemaleHumansIntentionMaleNon-SmokersPsychological DistanceRisk AssessmentSmokersSmokingSmoking CessationE-cigarettesElectronic cigarettesHealth messagesMotivation to quitQuit intentionsRisk perceptionsTobacco products directiveWarning labels

Identifiers

PMID30428933
PMCPMC6236990

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.