ArticleBMC microbiology2018
Multi-drug resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi isolates with reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin in Kenya.
Article in BMC microbiology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed.
- Efficacy of typhoid conjugate vaccine: final analysis of a 4-year, phase 3, randomised controlled trial in Malawian children.Lancet (London, England) · 2024Trial
- Safety and Efficacy of a Typhoid Conjugate Vaccine in Malawian Children.The New England journal of medicine · 2021Trial
- The Manipulation of Host Cells byInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- High prevalence of multi-drug resistant H58 Salmonella Typhi and emerging fluoroquinolone resistance among febrile children in Nairobi County, Kenya.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Assessing Salmonella Typhi Pathogenicity and Prevention: The Crucial Role of Vaccination in Combating Typhoid Fever.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Genomic insights into the role of Salmonella Typhi carriers in antimicrobial resistance and typhoid transmission in Urban Kenya.PloS one · 2025Article
- Seroprevalence of Typhoid Fever and Its Associated Risk Factors Among Clinically Diagnosed Febrile Patients Visiting the Outpatient Department at Debark Hospital and Drug Susceptibility Patterns of Isolates.BioMed research international · 2025Article
- In vitro and in vivo efficacy of zinc oxide green nanoparticles against multidrug-resistant Salmonella Typhi.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2024Article
- Prevalence of Salmonella Typhi, its associated factors and antimicrobial susceptibility profile among patients attending Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Hawassa, Ethiopia.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Salmonella Typhi genotypic diversity, cluster identification and antimicrobial resistance determinants in Mukuru settlement, Nairobi Kenya.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Fecal Shedding, Antimicrobial Resistance andInternational journal of clinical microbiology · 2024Article
- Genotyping virulence and resistance profiles in salmonella isolated from diarrheic children in Nairobi city, Kenya.Gastroenterology and hepatology from bed to bench · 2024Article
- Computational evaluation of efflux pump homologues and lignans as potent inhibitors against multidrug-resistant Salmonella typhi.PloS one · 2024Article
- Salmonella Typhi whole genome sequencing in Rwanda shows a diverse historical population with recent introduction of haplotype H58.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Article
- A Systematic review on Prevalence, Serotypes and Antibiotic resistance ofInfection and drug resistance · 2023Review
- Isolation, Identification and Screening of Saharan Actinomycete StrainInternational journal of molecular and cellular medicine · 2023Article
- Hotspots sequences of gyrA, gyrB, parC, and parE genes encoded for fluoroquinolones resistance from local Salmonella Typhi strains in Jakarta.BMC microbiology · 2022Article
- Extensively Drug-Resistant Typhoidal Salmonellae: Are These Bugs Swarming Into Suburban and Rural Areas of Pakistan?Cureus · 2022Article
- Population analysis of heavy metal and biocide resistance genes inFrontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
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Abstract
backgroundTyphoid fever remains a public health concern in developing countries especially among the poor who live in informal settlements devoid of proper sanitation and clean water supply. In addition antimicrobial resistance poses a major challenge in management of the disease. This study assessed the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi (S. Typhi) isolated from typhoid fever cases (2004-2007).
methodsA cross sectional study was conducted on 144 archived S. Typhi isolates (2004-2007) tested against 11 antimicrobial agents by quality controlled disk diffusion technique. Isolates resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and cotrimoxazole were considered Multidrug resistant (MDR). Thirty MDR isolates were selected randomly and further tested using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) E-test.
resultsSixteen percent (23/144) of the isolates were susceptible to all the antibiotics tested while 68% were resistant to three or more of the 11 antibiotics tested. The isolates showed a high susceptibility to ceftriaxone (94%) and gentamicin (97%). A high percentage of resistance was observed for the conventional first-line antibiotics; ampicillin (72%), chloramphenicol (72%), and cotrimoxazole (70%). Sixty-nine percent of the isolates (100/144) showed reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin. All the 30 (100%) isolates selected for MIC test were susceptible to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. All except one of the 30 isolates were susceptible to ceftriaxone while majority 21 (70%) recorded an intermediate susceptibility to ciprofloxacin with MIC of 0.12-0.5 μg/mL.
conclusionA large proportion of S. Typhi isolates were MDR and also showed reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin. Fluoroquinolone resistance is emerging and this may pose a challenge in treatment of typhoid in future. There is need for routine surveillance to monitor this phenotype in clinical settings.
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