ArticleAnnals of noninvasive electrocardiology : the official journal of the International Society for Holter and Noninvasive Electrocardiology, Inc2019
The early repolarization pattern: Echocardiographic characteristics in elite athletes.
Article in Annals of noninvasive electrocardiology : the official journal of the International Society for Holter and Noninvasive Electrocardiology, Inc, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- KCND3 potassium channel gene variant confers susceptibility to electrocardiographic early repolarization pattern.JCI insight · 2019Pooled it
- Dynamic Echocardiographic Changes Induced by Exercise in Healthy, Young Individuals with Early Repolarization Pattern.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Cardiac Morphofunctional Characteristics of Individuals with Early Repolarization Pattern: A Literature Review.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2022Review
- Early repolarization in adolescent athletes: A gender comparison of ECG and echocardiographic characteristics.Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports · 2022Article
- Cardiodiagnostic sex-specific differences of the female athlete in sports cardiology.American heart journal plus : cardiology research and practice · 2022Article
- Electrical and Structural Adaption of Athlete's Heart and the Impact on Training and Recovery Management in Professional Basketball Players: A Retrospective Observational Study.Frontiers in physiology · 2022Article
- Evaluation of Early Repolarization Pattern in Male Teenage Competitive Athletes and Association With Left Ventricular Remodeling.Turkish archives of pediatrics · 2021Article
- Early repolarization pattern in adult females with eating disorders.Annals of noninvasive electrocardiology : the official journal of the International Society for Holter and Noninvasive Electrocardiology, Inc · 2021Article
- Early Repolarization in Pediatric Athletes: A Dynamic Electrocardiographic Pattern With Benign Prognosis.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2021Article
- Prospective long-term follow-up analysis of the cardiovascular system in marathon runners: study design of the Pro-MagIC study.BMJ open sport & exercise medicine · 2020Article
- Left ventricular geometry and function in early repolarization: results from the population-based Gutenberg Health Study.Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society · 2019Observational
- Early repolarization and echocardiography: Some aspects to consider.Annals of noninvasive electrocardiology : the official journal of the International Society for Holter and Noninvasive Electrocardiology, Inc · 2019Article
- The early repolarization pattern: Echocardiographic characteristics in elite athletes.Annals of noninvasive electrocardiology : the official journal of the International Society for Holter and Noninvasive Electrocardiology, Inc · 2019Article
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Abstract
backgroundThe electrocardiographic early repolarization (ER) pattern is associated with idiopathic ventricular fibrillation and increased long-term cardiovascular mortality. Whether structural cardiac aberrations influence the phenotype is unclear. Since ER is particularly common in athletes, we evaluated its prevalence and investigated predisposing echocardiographic characteristics and cardiopulmonary exercise capacity in a cohort of elite athletes.
methodsA total of 623 elite athletes (age 21 ± 5 years) were examined during annual preparticipation screening from 2006 until 2012 including electrocardiography, echocardiography, and exercise testing. ECGs were analyzed with focus on ER. All athletes participated in a clinical follow-up.
resultsThe prevalence of ER was 17% (108/623). ER-positive athletes were predominantly male (71%, 77/108), showed a lower heart rate (57.1 ± 9.3 bpm versus 60.0 ± 11.2 bpm; p = 0.015) and a higher lean body mass compared to ER-negative participants (88.1% ± 5.6% versus 86.5% ± 6.3%; p = 0.015). Echocardiographic measurements and cardiopulmonary exercise capacity in male and female athletes with and without ER largely showed similar results. Only the notching ER subtype (n = 15) was associated with an increased left atrial diameter (OR 7.01, 95%CI 1.65-29.83; p = 0.008), a higher left ventricular mass (OR 1.02, 95%CI 1.00-1.03; p = 0.038) and larger relative heart volume (OR 1.01, 95%CI 1.00-1.01; p = 0.01). During a follow-up of 7.4 ± 1.5 years, no severe cardiovascular event occurred in the study sample.
conclusionsIn elite athletes presence of ER is not associated with distinct alterations in echocardiography and cardiopulmonary exercise. Athletes presenting with ER are rather male, lean with a low heart rate.
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