Trial reportNature communications2018
A low-gluten diet induces changes in the intestinal microbiome of healthy Danish adults.
Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph
Trial report in Nature communications, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 100 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
100citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
100 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Effects of a gluten-reduced or gluten-free diet for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2022Pooled it
- The Impact of Microbial Composition on Postprandial Glycaemia and Lipidaemia: A Systematic Review of Current Evidence.Nutrients · 2021Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Effects of reduced gluten intake through the inclusion of yellow pea-based products on abdominal symptoms in habitual wheat consumers: a non-randomized clinical trial.European journal of nutrition · 2026Trial
- A Low-Gluten Diet Reduces the Abundance of Potentially Beneficial Bacteria in Healthy Adult Gut Microbiota.Nutrients · 2025Trial
- Comparison of Low-Gluten Diets Rich in Oats or Rice-A 6-Week Randomized Clinical Trial With Metabolically Challenged Volunteers.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2025Trial
- Sugar Composition of Thai Desserts and Their Impact on the Gut Microbiome in Healthy Volunteers: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Nutrients · 2024Trial
- Effects of fructan and gluten on gut microbiota in individuals with self-reported non-celiac gluten/wheat sensitivity-a randomised controlled crossover trial.BMC medicine · 2024Trial
- Effects of a low FODMAP diet on gut microbiota in individuals with treated coeliac disease having persistent gastrointestinal symptoms - a randomised controlled trial.The British journal of nutrition · 2023Trial
- Trial
- The effect of gluten in adolescents and young adults with gastrointestinal symptoms: a blinded randomised cross-over trial.Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics · 2022Trial
- Influence of low FODMAP-gluten free diet on gut microbiota alterations and symptom severity in Iranian patients with irritable bowel syndrome.BMC gastroenterology · 2021Trial
- Microbiome connections with host metabolism and habitual diet from 1,098 deeply phenotyped individuals.Nature medicine · 2021Trial
- Bifidobacteria: biogeography, host adaptation and ecological functions.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026Review
- Strain transmission links human microbiomes along the oral-gut axis and across cohabiting individuals.Cell press blue · 2026Article
- Sorghum Starch and Protein Digestibility: Mechanisms, Modifications, and Health Implications.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- pH regulates gut bacterial tryptophan metabolism.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2026Article
- A comparative study of cognitive function among children with coeliac disease and healthy controls.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Large-scale classification of metagenomic samples: a comparative analysis of classical machine learning techniques vs a novel brain-inspired hyperdimensional computing approach.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Microbial Feast or Famine: dietary carbohydrate composition and gut microbiota metabolic function.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
40 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
52 authors.
Lea B S HansenDepartment of Bio and Health Informatics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
Henrik M RoagerNational Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
Nadja B SøndertoftThe Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Rikke J GøbelThe Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Mette KristensenDepartment of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1958, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
Mireia Vallès-ColomerDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Rega Institute, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
Sara Vieira-SilvaDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Rega Institute, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4616-7602
Sabine IbrüggerDepartment of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1958, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
Mads V LindDepartment of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1958, Frederiksberg, Denmark.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4999-1218
Rasmus B MærkedahlDepartment of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1958, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
Martin I BahlNational Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1579-8038
Mia L MadsenThe Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Jesper HavelundDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230, Odense, Denmark.
Gwen FalonyDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Rega Institute, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
Inge TetensDepartment of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1958, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
Trine NielsenThe Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2066-7895
Kristine H AllinThe Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Henrik L FrandsenNational Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
Bolette HartmannDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK-2200, Denmark.
Jens Juul HolstThe Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Morten H SparholtDepartment of Radiology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, DK-2400, Denmark.
Jesper HolckDepartment of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
Andreas BlennowDepartment of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1958, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
Janne Marie MollDepartment of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3514-4528
Anne S MeyerDepartment of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8910-9931
Camilla HoppeNational Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
Jørgen H PoulsenDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, DK-2650, Hvidovre, Denmark.
Vera CarvalhoNational Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
Domenico SagnelliDepartment of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1958, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
Marlene D DalgaardDepartment of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
Anders F ChristensenDepartment of Radiology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, DK-2400, Denmark.
Magnus Christian LydolphDepartment of Autoimmunology & Biomarkers, Statens Serum Institut, DK-2300, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Alastair B RossDepartment of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Silas Villas-BôasSchool of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, 1010, Auckland, New Zealand.
Susanne BrixDepartment of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8951-6705
Thomas Sicheritz-PonténDepartment of Bio and Health Informatics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
Karsten BuschardBartholin Institute, Rigshospitalet, DK-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Allan LinnebergResearch Centre for Prevention and Health, The Capital Region of Denmark, DK-2000, Frederiksberg, Denmark.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0994-0184
Jüri J RumessenResearch Unit and Department of Gastroenterology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, the Capital Region of Denmark, 2730, Herlev, Denmark.
Claus T EkstrømBiostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, DK-1014, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Christian RitzDepartment of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1958, Frederiksberg, Denmark.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5095-0624
Karsten KristiansenLaboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6024-0917
H Bjørn NielsenClinical-Microbiomics A/S, DK-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Henrik VestergaardThe Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3090-269X
Nils J FærgemanDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230, Odense, Denmark.
Jeroen RaesDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Rega Institute, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
Hanne FrøkiærDepartment of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1958, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
Torben HansenThe Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8748-3831
Lotte LauritzenDepartment of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1958, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
Ramneek GuptaDepartment of Bio and Health Informatics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark. ramneek@bioinformatics.dtu.dk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6841-6676
Tine Rask LichtNational Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark. trli@food.dtu.dk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6399-9574
Oluf PedersenThe Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark. oluf@sund.ku.dk.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Adherence to a low-gluten diet has become increasingly common in parts of the general population. However, the effects of reducing gluten-rich food items including wheat, barley and rye cereals in healthy adults are unclear. Here, we undertook a randomised, controlled, cross-over trial involving 60 middle-aged Danish adults without known disorders with two 8-week interventions comparing a low-gluten diet (2 g gluten per day) and a high-gluten diet (18 g gluten per day), separated by a washout period of at least six weeks with habitual diet (12 g gluten per day). We find that, in comparison with a high-gluten diet, a low-gluten diet induces moderate changes in the intestinal microbiome, reduces fasting and postprandial hydrogen exhalation, and leads to improvements in self-reported bloating. These observations suggest that most of the effects of a low-gluten diet in non-coeliac adults may be driven by qualitative changes in dietary fibres.
Indexed as
DietGastrointestinal MicrobiomeAdultAgedBody Mass IndexCreatinineCross-Over StudiesCytokinesDenmarkDNA, BacterialFastingFecesFemaleFermentationGlutensHumansCreatinineCytokinesDNA, BacterialGlutensHydrogen
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.