ReviewSurgery for obesity and related diseases : official journal of the American Society for Bariatric Surgery2019
Reasons for underutilization of bariatric surgery: The role of insurance benefit design.
Review in Surgery for obesity and related diseases : official journal of the American Society for Bariatric Surgery, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 87 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
87 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 154 citations in OpenAlex.
- Safety Outcomes in Same-Day Discharge Anastomotic Metabolic/Bariatric Surgery vs Regular Overnight Discharge Protocol: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Obesity surgery · 2025Pooled it
- Endoscopic Bariatric and Metabolic Therapies and Their Effects on Metabolic Syndrome and Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Effect of weight loss through dietary interventions on cardiometabolic health in older adults.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2025Trial
- Randomized Controlled Trial Based US Commercial Payor Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Endoscopic Sleeve Gastroplasty Versus Lifestyle Modification Alone for Adults With Class I/II Obesity.Obesity surgery · 2024Trial
- A Cluster-Randomized Study of Technology-Assisted Health Coaching for Weight Management in Primary Care.Annals of family medicineTrial
- Real-World Outcomes of Telemedicine Shared Medical Appointments in Obesity Management.Obesity science & practice · 2026Article
- Targeting the activin/myostatin - actrii pathway to preserve skeletal muscle mass in obesity: mechanistic insights and therapeutic perspectives.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2026Review
- Magnetic vs stapled technique in jejuno-ileal bipartition: one-year outcomes.Surgical endoscopy · 2026Article
- A Review of Lifestyle Interventions Provided as an Adjunct to Obesity Management Medications.Obesity science & practice · 2026Review
- Exploring barriers to care and patient perspectives in metabolic and bariatric surgery.Surgical endoscopy · 2026Article
- Sociodemographic, Health Care, and Clinical Factors Associated With Metabolic Bariatric Surgery Uptake Among US Adults With Obesity.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Obesity Treatments and Weight Changes in Clinical Practice After Discontinuation of Semaglutide or Tirzepatide.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Article
- Post-Operative Safety Outcomes and 5-Year Healthcare Utilisation After Bariatric Surgery vs. Other Elective Types of Surgical Treatments - A Retrospective Observational Cohort Study.Obesity surgery · 2026Observational
- Online patient education resources in bariatric surgery: a systematic evaluation of quality, readability, transparency, and representation.Surgical endoscopy · 2026Article
- The New Obesity Treatment Landscape: Challenges and Opportunities to Promote Shared Decision-Making in People With Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes.Diabetes care · 2026Review
- Type 2 Diabetes Severity Modifies Long-Term Health Expenditures After Metabolic Bariatric Surgery.Obesity surgery · 2026Article
- Trends in Use of Obesity Medications and Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Among All of Us Participants From 2003 to 2023.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2026Article
- Dynamic magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of stomach geometry modifications after endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty.Surgical endoscopy · 2026Article
- Optimizing Safety and Outcomes in Metabolic/Bariatric Surgery: A Conceptual Framework for Staged Minimally Invasive Treatment.Obesity surgery · 2026Review
- Weight-Reduction and Safety Profile of Once-Weekly Non-Comparable Biotherapeutic Subcutaneous Semaglutide Among People With Obesity: A Real-World Retrospective Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
27 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Despite the effectiveness of bariatric surgery, both with respect to weight loss and improvements in obesity-related co-morbidities, it remains underused. Only 1% of the currently eligible population undergoes surgical treatment for obesity, with roughly 228,000 individuals receiving bariatric surgery in the United States each year. Several barriers to bariatric surgery have been identified, including limited patient and referring physician knowledge and attitudes regarding the effectiveness and safety of bariatric surgery. However, the role of insurance coverage and benefit design as a barrier to access to care has received less attention to date. Bariatric surgery is cost-effective compared with nonsurgical treatments among individuals with extreme obesity and type 2 diabetes. While it may not result in cost savings among all bariatric surgery eligible patients, for certain patient subgroups, bariatric surgery may be cost neutral compared with traditional treatment options. In addition, longer-term outcomes of bariatric surgery suggest decreased or stable costs in the long run. The purpose of this review paper was to synthesize the existing knowledge on why bariatric surgery remains largely underused in the United States with a focus on health insurance benefits and design. In addition, the review discusses the applicability of value-based insurance design to bariatric surgery. Value-based insurance design has been previously applied to bariatric surgery coverage with use of incentive-based cost-sharing adjustments. Its application could be further extended because the postoperative clinical outcomes and costs vary among the different subgroups of bariatric surgery eligible patients.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.