Trial reportMedical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research2018
Efficacy and Safety of Botulinum Toxin Type A in Spasticity Caused by Spinal Cord Injury: A Randomized, Controlled Trial.
Trial report in Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- The use of botulinum toxin for spasticity in people with spinal cord injury: a scoping review.European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine · 2026Article
- Development of a core outcome set for the assessment of spasticity in adults: a study protocol.Trials · 2025Article
- Switox: Retrospective Analysis of Botulinum Toxin Switching in Management of Spasticity.Toxins · 2025Article
- Effects of Botulinum Toxin-A for Spasticity and Nociceptive Pain in Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Annals of rehabilitation medicine · 2024Article
- Combined rehabilitation therapy with botulinum toxin to the upper limbs for acute spinal cord injury: A case report.Spinal cord series and cases · 2024Article
- The effect of oral baclofen and botulinum toxin treatments in hemiplegic spasticity on the nociceptive flexor reflex: A randomized clinical trial.Turkish journal of physical medicine and rehabilitation · 2022Article
- Spinal Cord Injury Provoked Neuropathic Pain and Spasticity, and Their GABAergic Connection.Neurospine · 2022Article
- Irreversible inhibition of BoNT/A protease: proximity-driven reactivity contingent upon a bifunctional approach.RSC medicinal chemistry · 2021Article
- Reduction in post-spinal cord injury spasticity by combination of peripheral nerve grafting and acidic fibroblast growth factor infusion in monkeys.The Journal of international medical research · 2021Article
- Botulinum Toxin: From Poison to Possible Treatment for Spasticity in Spinal Cord Injury.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Efficacy and safety of tolperisone versus baclofen among Chinese patients with spasticity associated with spinal cord injury: a non-randomized retrospective study.Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologica · 2021Article
- Effects of botulinum toxin type a on mood and cognitive function in patients with parkinson's disease and depression.American journal of translational research · 2021Article
- Article
- Review
- Protective Effects of MiR-129-5p on Acute Spinal Cord Injury Rats.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2019Article
- NovelWorld journal of clinical cases · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND Baclofen is approved by the US FDA to treat spasticity, but its sustained use may cause drug addiction. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin type A versus baclofen in spasticity. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 336 patients who had spasticity caused by spinal cord injury were enrolled in a randomized (in 1: 1: 1: ratio) for placebo, controlled trial. Patients had received baclofen (BA group, n=112), local intramuscular injection of 500 U Botulinum toxin type A (BTI group, n=112), or physical therapies alone (placebo group, n=112). Modified Ashworth scale (mAS) score, disability assessment scale (DAS) score, modified medical research council (mMRC) score, the Barthel Index (BI) score, and treatment-emergent adverse effects were evaluated during the follow-up period. Wilcoxon test or one-way ANOVA/Tukey post hoc tests were performed at 95% of confidence level. RESULTS Baclofen (1.504±0.045 vs. 1.53±0.06, p=0.003, q=4.068) and botulinum toxin type A (1.49±0.09 vs. 1.528±0.15, p=0.0224, q=3.5541) had improved mAS scores after 2 weeks. Baclofen had a more strongly improved DAS score than botulinum toxin type A at 4 (p=0.0496, q=3.48) and 6 (p<0.0001, q=6.48) weeks. Baclofen and botulinum toxin type A had consistently improved BI scores. Baclofen caused asthenia and sleepiness, while botulinum toxin type A caused bronchitis and elevated blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS Botulinum toxin type A may be an effective therapeutic option for spasticity caused by spinal cord injury.
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