ArticleThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2019
Plasma Acylcarnitines and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in a Mediterranean Population at High Cardiovascular Risk.
Article in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 66 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
66 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 87 citations in OpenAlex.
- Metabolomics and Type 2 Diabetes Risk: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies.Diabetes care · 2022Pooled it
- A multi-metabolite signature robustly predicts long-term mortality in the PREDIMED trial and several US cohorts.Metabolism: clinical and experimental · 2025Trial
- Metabolomic profiling of a cholesterol lowering plant-based diet from two randomized controlled feeding trials.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Trial
- Plasma metabolite profiles associated with the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research lifestyle score and future risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2023Trial
- Plasma acylcarnitines and risk of incident heart failure and atrial fibrillation: the Prevención con dieta mediterránea study.Revista espanola de cardiologia (English ed.) · 2022Trial
- Plasma acylcarnitines and risk of lower-extremity functional impairment in older adults: a nested case-control study.Scientific reports · 2021Trial
- Trial
- FIA-MS/MS-Based Targeted Metabolomics of Amino Acids and Acylcarnitines Uncovers Network-Level Metabolic Reprogramming in Chronic Kidney Disease.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Exploring Acylcarnitine Metabolism Using Reverse Metabolomics.Analytical chemistry · 2026Article
- Association of acylcarnitine species and diabetes incidence in a population-based apparently healthy cohort.Cardiovascular diabetology. Endocrinology reports · 2026Article
- Metabolomics profiles of type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance and their associations with total mortality.Metabolism: clinical and experimental · 2026Article
- The diabetes exposome: interplay of environmental and genetic determinants in diabetes.Human genomics · 2026Review
- Associations of trimethylamine N-oxide and its precursors with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, its subtypes and blood pressure in the offspring: findings from the Shanghai Birth Cohort.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Specific gut microbes are associated with the incidence of cardiometabolic disease in the HELIUS cohort.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2026Article
- Exercise-induced metabolic remodeling in type 2 diabetes mellitus: insights from metabolomics.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Metabolomics in Traditional Chinese Medicine for Diabetes Mellitus: Mechanistic Insights, Biomarker Discovery, and Clinical Application Prospects.International journal of analytical chemistry · 2026Review
- Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome: Mechanisms, Biomarkers, and Emerging Therapies.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2026Review
- The source of dietary fat influences anti-tumour immunity in obese mice.Nature metabolism · 2025Article
- Amino acid intake, plasma metabolites, and incident type 2 diabetes risk: a systematic approach in prospective cohort studies.Nutrition journal · 2025Observational
- Metabolomics in cardiometabolic diseases: Key biomarkers and therapeutic implications for insulin resistance and diabetes.Journal of internal medicine · 2025Review
6 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
22 authors at 8 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
contextThe potential associations between acylcarnitine profiles and incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and whether acylcarnitines can be used to improve diabetes prediction remain unclear.
objectiveTo evaluate the associations between baseline and 1-year changes in acylcarnitines and their diabetes predictive ability beyond traditional risk factors. DESIGN, SETTING, AND
participantsWe designed a case-cohort study within the PREDIMED Study including all incident cases of T2D (n = 251) and 694 randomly selected participants at baseline (follow-up, 3.8 years). Plasma acylcarnitines were measured using a targeted approach by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. We tested the associations between baseline and 1-year changes in individual acylcarnitines and T2D risk using weighted Cox regression models. We used elastic net regressions to select acylcarnitines for T2D prediction and compute a weighted score using a cross-validation approach.
resultsAn acylcarnitine profile, especially including short- and long-chain acylcarnitines, was significantly associated with a higher risk of T2D independent of traditional risk factors. The relative risks of T2D per SD increment of the predictive model scores were 4.03 (95% CI, 3.00 to 5.42; P < 0.001) for the conventional model and 4.85 (95% CI, 3.65 to 6.45; P < 0.001) for the model including acylcarnitines, with a hazard ratio of 1.33 (95% CI, 1.08 to 1.63; P < 0.001) attributed to the acylcarnitines. Including the acylcarnitines into the model did not significantly improve the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (0.86 to 0.88, P = 0.61). A 1-year increase in C4OH-carnitine was associated with higher risk of T2D [per SD increment, 1.44 (1.03 to 2.01)].
conclusionsAn acylcarnitine profile, mainly including short- and long-chain acylcarnitines, was significantly associated with higher T2D risk in participants at high cardiovascular risk. The inclusion of acylcarnitines into the model did not significantly improve the T2D prediction C-statistics beyond traditional risk factors, including fasting glucose.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.