ReviewFrontiers in immunology2018
Hormonal Regulation of Physiology, Innate Immunity and Antibody Response to H1N1 Influenza Virus Infection During Pregnancy.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Influenza A Virus (H1N1) Infection Induces Ferroptosis to Promote Developmental Injury in Fetal Tissues.Cell proliferation · 2026Pooled it
- Effect of COVID-19 on Mortality of Pregnant and Postpartum Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of pregnancy · 2021Pooled it
- Can immunity during pregnancy influence SARS-CoV-2 infection? - A systematic review.Journal of reproductive immunology · 2020Pooled it
- An influenza D virus in D/Yama2019 lineage from stillbirth fetus of cattle in China.The Journal of veterinary medical science · 2026Article
- Influenza virus infection during pregnancy: a review of risk factors, pathogenic mechanisms, and prevention strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The Impact of Maternal COVID-19 Severity on Obstetrical and Neonatal Outcomes: A Retrospective Study.Cureus · 2025Article
- Immune Response and Serum Biomarker Screening in Pregnant Women with Influenza A Virus Infection: Insight into Susceptibility and Disease Severity.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Influenza A virus during pregnancy disrupts maternal intestinal immunity and fetal cortical development in a dose- and time-dependent manner.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Article
- Estrogen and viral infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Immune Response to Respiratory Viral Infections.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Article
- Addressing Chronic Gynecological Diseases in the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Observational
- Predictors of antibiotic use in pregnant women attending Najran University Hospital, Saudi Arabia.Saudi medical journal · 2023Article
- Effect of COVID-19 infection on sex hormone levels in hospitalized patients: A prospective longitudinal study in Iran.Health science reports · 2023Article
- High Expression Level of α2-3-Linked Sialic Acids on Salivary Glycoproteins of Breastfeeding Women May Help to Protect Them from Avian Influenza Virus Infection.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Immune System and Psychological State of Pregnant Women during COVID-19 Pandemic: Are Micronutrients Able to Support Pregnancy?Nutrients · 2022Review
- The Preventive Effects of Quercetin on Preterm Birth Based on Network Pharmacology and Bioinformatics.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2022Article
- Viral Infections During Pregnancy: The Big Challenge Threatening Maternal and Fetal Health.Maternal-fetal medicine (Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.) · 2022Article
- Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine Special Statement: COVID-19 research in pregnancy: progress and potential.American journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2021Review
- Bilateral lung transplantation during pregnancy after ECMO for influenza-A caused ARDS.American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
In 2009, the H1N1 swine flu pandemic highlighted the vulnerability of pregnant women to influenza viral infection. Pregnant women infected with influenza A virus were at increased risk of hospitalization and severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which is associated with high mortality, while their newborns had an increased risk of pre-term birth or low birth weight. Pregnant women have a unique immunological profile modulated by the sex hormones required to maintain pregnancy, namely progesterone and estrogens. The role of these hormones in coordinating maternal immunotolerance in uterine tissue and cellular subsets has been well researched; however, these hormones have wide-ranging effects outside the uterus in modulating the immune response to disease. In this review, we compile research findings in the clinic and in animal models that elaborate on the unique features of H1N1 influenza A viral pathogenesis during pregnancy, the crosstalk between innate immune signaling and hormonal regulation during pregnancy, and the role of pregnancy hormones in modulating cellular responses to influenza A viral infection at mid-gestation. We highlight the ways in which lung architecture and function is stressed by pregnancy, increasing baseline inflammation prior to infection. We demonstrate that infection disrupts progesterone production and upregulates inflammatory mediators, such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and prostaglandins, resulting in pre-term labor and spontaneous abortions. Lastly, we profile the ways in which pregnancy alters innate and adaptive cellular immune responses to H1N1 influenza viral infection, and the ways in which these protect fetal development at the expense of effective long-term immune memory. Thus, we highlight advancements in the field of reproductive immunology in response to viral infection and illustrate how that knowledge might be used to develop more effective post-infection therapies and vaccination strategies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.