ArticleScientific reports2018
Modulation of salivary cytokines in response to alcohol, tobacco and caffeine consumption: a pilot study.
Article in Scientific reports, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of Sleep Quality, Nutritional Factors, and Salivary Melatonin and Cortisol Levels with Oral Lichen Planus: A Case-Control Study.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Local and General Inflammatory Mediators Status in Patients with Oral Lichen Planus.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Editorial: Nutrition and oral microbiology: integrative perspectives for improved oral health.Frontiers in oral health · 2026Article
- Oral Health Assessment in Prisoners: A Cross-Sectional Observational and Epidemiological Study.Epidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Salivary cysteine levels as a potential biochemical indicator of oral cancer risk in tobacco consumers.Biomarkers in medicine · 2024Article
- Purine-Induced IFN-γ Promotes Uric Acid Production by Upregulating Xanthine Oxidoreductase Expression.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Exploitation of polyphenols and proteins using nanoencapsulation for anti-viral and brain boosting properties - Evoking a synergistic strategy to combat COVID-19 pandemic.International journal of biological macromolecules · 2021Review
- Interferon-inducer antivirals: Potential candidates to combat COVID-19.International immunopharmacology · 2021Review
- Inflammatory Biomarkers, Microbiome, Depression, and Executive Dysfunction in Alcohol Users.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
It has been shown that long-term stimulant consumption alters the biological and microbiological status of the oral cavity. We present a pilot study describing stimulant-specific oral immunomodulation in the oral cavity. Changes in salivary cytokine levels in response to long-term alcohol, tobacco and caffeine were identified. Volunteers were recruited from amongst the patients visiting University Dental Clinic of CEU Cardenal Herrera University (Alfara del Patriarca, Spain). Participants were grouped according to their self-reported levels of consumption of either caffeine, alcohol or tobacco (control group volunteers were non-consumers of all three). Informed consent was provided and stimulated saliva samples were obtained and assayed for interleukin-1α IL-1α), Tumor Necrosis Factor α (TNF-α) and Interferon γ IFN-γ). Long-term, high-level consumers of alcohol or tobacco exhibited elevated salivary concentrations of the three inflammatory cytokines with respect to control values. Specifically, IL-1α was found to be elevated in alcohol users whilst IFN-γ concentration higher in tobacco users versus controls. Long-term caffeine consumers displayed elevated levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α, whereas IL-1α levels were reduced with respect to control volunteers. This pilot study demonstrates that salivary cytokines can be modulated in response to quantity and duration of alcohol, caffeine or tobacco consumption.
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