Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30420688›Full record

SynthesisSpinal cord2019

Nutritional status in chronic spinal cord injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Gary J Farkas, Marika A Pitot, Arthur S Berg, David R Gater

Erratum issued Registry-linked trialAbstract readMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Spinal cord, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. It is linked to trial NCT05406739 (Physiological and Behavioral Regulation of Feeding After Spinal Cord Injury), which is not on this map. Cited by 68 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
68citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT05406739 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2023, after this paper: background citation

Physiological and Behavioral Regulation of Feeding After Spinal Cord Injury

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of MiamiRan2023 to 2024Enrolled37ConditionsSpinal Cord InjuriesArmsTest Meals
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

68 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
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  5. Review
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  10. Foodservice Models and Nutrition Practices in Spinal Facilities: Insights and Opportunities for Improvement From a Pilot Multinational Survey.Journal of human nutrition and dietetics : the official journal of the British Dietetic Association · 2025
    Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
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8 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Gary J FarkasDepartment of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 64143, USA. gary.farkas@ucsf.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5482-6049
Marika A PitotPenn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, P.O. Box 850, Mail Code H176, Hershey, PA, 17033-0850, USA.
Arthur S BergDepartment of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033-0850, USA.
David R GaterDepartment of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, P.O. Box 850, Mail Code R120, Hershey, PA, 17033-0850, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

STUDY

designSystematic review and meta-analysis.

objectivesThe objective was to investigate nutritional status in chronic spinal cord injury (SCI), and compare macronutrient and micronutrient intake to the recommended values by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans.

settingUnited States of America.

methodsA MEDLINE/PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science search was performed, identifying 268 papers. All papers included were English-language papers examining adults with chronic SCI. A meta-analysis was performed to produce weighted averages and 95% confidence intervals (CI) when summary statistics were provided.

resultsThe systematic review included 15 articles, while the meta-analysis included 12. Resting metabolic rate (1492 kcal/day; CI: 1414-1569) fell below the able-bodied average, and total energy (1876 kcal/day; CI: 1694-2059) and fiber (17 g/day; CI: 14-20) intake were below USDA guidelines. Protein (319 kcal/day; CI: 294-345) and carbohydrate (969 kcal/day; CI: 851-1087) intake were above guidelines. Fat intake (663 kcal/day; CI: 590-736) was within USDA guidelines. Vitamins A, B5, B7, B9, D, E, potassium, and calcium were deficient, while vitamins B1, B2, B3, B12, C, K, sodium, phosphorus, copper, and zinc were in excess according to USDA guidelines. Vitamin B6, iron, and magnesium were within USDA guidelines.

conclusionFindings indicate greater energy intake relative to energy needs in those with chronic SCI, and an imbalance in fiber intake and micronutrients compared to the USDA guidelines. Future research examining nutritional health status is needed in order to establish evidence-based, SCI-specific dietary guidelines.

Indexed as

Nutritional StatusChronic DiseaseHumansSpinal Cord Injuries

Identifiers

PMID30420688

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.