Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30420227›Full record

ArticleResearch in social & administrative pharmacy : RSAP2019

Interruptions in community pharmacies: Frequency, sources, and mitigation strategies.

Apoorva Reddy, Ephrem Abebe, A Joy Rivera, Jamie A Stone, Michelle A Chui

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Research in social & administrative pharmacy : RSAP, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Apoorva ReddySocial & Administrative Sciences Division at the University of Wisconsin - Madison, School of Pharmacy, USA.
Ephrem AbebeThe Johns Hopkins University-School of Medicine, Armstrong Institute for Patient Safety and Quality, USA.
A Joy RiveraChildren's Hospital of Wisconsin in Milwaukee, WI, USA.
Jamie A StoneSocial & Administrative Sciences Division at the University of Wisconsin - Madison, School of Pharmacy, USA.
Michelle A ChuiSocial & Administrative Sciences Division at the University of Wisconsin - Madison, School of Pharmacy, USA. Electronic address: michelle.chui@wisc.edu.

Funding

University of Wisconsin Institute for Clinical and Translational ResearchUL1TR002373 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI ELIZABETH S BURNSIDE, Allan R. Brasier · 2017 to 2026
$75.9M
Institutional Clinical and Translational Science AwardUL1TR000427 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI DREZNER, MARC KENNETH · 2012 to 2016
$32.2M
NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR000427NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002373
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundInterruptions constitute a key part of the communication strategy for healthcare providers, including community pharmacy personnel. Previous research in other healthcare environments has shown that interruptions are very common and may present as patient safety hazards. One 1999 study, conducted in community pharmacy settings, found that interruptions were prevalent and associated with dispensing errors. In the last 20 years, pharmacies have expanded patient services and implemented new technology. Yet, it is unknown how these changes have affected interruption sources and frequency.

objectiveThe objective was to characterize the frequency and sources of pharmacist task interruptions that occur in community pharmacies.

methodsA cross-sectional qualitative study design was used to evaluate the frequency and sources of pharmacist task interruptions in Wisconsin community pharmacies. The participants included 9 pharmacists and 9 technicians working in 2 independently-owned, 2 mass merchandise, and 2 hospital/clinical-affiliated pharmacies.

resultsInterruption rates ranged from 3 to 7 per hour across the 6 pharmacies. Sources of interruptions included: patients, technicians, self-initiated interruptions, technology used in the pharmacy, and a second pharmacist.

conclusionsInterruptions are common in community pharmacies and the causes are multifactorial. Prudent management of interruptions in these work environments may involve improved technician training and better designs of pharmacy technology.

Indexed as

WorkflowAdultCommunicationCommunity Pharmacy ServicesCross-Sectional StudiesHumansMiddle AgedPharmacistsPharmacy TechniciansWisconsinYoung Adult

Identifiers

PMID30420227
PMCPMC6499714

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.