ArticleNucleic acids research2019
BREX system of Escherichia coli distinguishes self from non-self by methylation of a specific DNA site.
Article in Nucleic acids research, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 69 papers.
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Who cites it
69 citing papers in PubMed.
- Genome-wide characterization of host factors involved in single-stranded RNA and DNA phage infection pathways.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Repurposing anti-phage defenses to differentially arrest the viral lifecycle reveals the regulatory logic of a parasitic satellite.mSystems · 2026Article
- DNA modifications of Durham Collection phages and promiscuity of GmrSD-family Type IV restriction enzyme BrxU.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2026Article
- Multiple forms of protein-protein and DNA binding are exhibited by BrxC from the BREX phage restriction system.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Competing forms of protein-protein association and DNA binding exhibited by BrxC from the BREX phage restriction system.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Repurposing anti-phage defenses to differentially arrest the viral lifecycle reveals the regulatory logic of a parasitic satellite.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Expanding the landscape of BREX diversity: uncovering multi-layered functional frameworks and identification of novel BREX-related defense systems.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Bacterial defense systems: Mechanisms, homology to eukaryotic immune systems, and applications.Zoological research · 2026Review
- Biology of host-dependent restriction-modification in prokaryotes.EcoSal Plus · 2025Review
- Article
- The two-component nuclease-active KELShedu system confers broad antiphage activity via abortive infection.Science advances · 2025Article
- Modified DNA substrate selectivity by GmrSD-family Type IV restriction enzyme BrxU.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025Article
- Pan-immune system, mobilome and resistome inMicrobial genomics · 2025Article
- Anti-restriction functions of injected phage proteins revealed by peeling back layers of bacterial immunity.Nature communications · 2025Article
- PglZ from Type I BREX phage defence systems is a metal-dependent nuclease that forms a sub-complex with BrxB.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- D-CAPS: an efficient CRISPR-Cas9-based phage defense system forActa biochimica et biophysica Sinica · 2025Article
- Advancing RNA phage biology through meta-omics.Nucleic acids research · 2025Review
- Molecular basis of foreign DNA recognition by BREX anti-phage immunity system.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Nucleic acid recognition during prokaryotic immunity.Molecular cell · 2025Review
- Overview of Phage Defense Systems in Bacteria and Their Applications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Prokaryotes evolved numerous systems that defend against predation by bacteriophages. In addition to well-known restriction-modification and CRISPR-Cas immunity systems, many poorly characterized systems exist. One class of such systems, named BREX, consists of a putative phosphatase, a methyltransferase and four other proteins. A Bacillus cereus BREX system provides resistance to several unrelated phages and leads to modification of specific motif in host DNA. Here, we study the action of BREX system from a natural Escherichia coli isolate. We show that while it makes cells resistant to phage λ infection, induction of λ prophage from cells carrying BREX leads to production of viruses that overcome the defense. The induced phage DNA contains a methylated adenine residue in a specific motif. The same modification is found in the genome of BREX-carrying cells. The results establish, for the first time, that immunity to BREX system defense is provided by an epigenetic modification.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.