ArticleFree radical biology & medicine2019
A radical containing injectable in-situ-oleogel and emulgel for prolonged in-vivo oxygen measurements with CW EPR.
Article in Free radical biology & medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) meets drug delivery and biomaterials: a magnetic love story.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Review
- Reaction of polarizing agent Ox063 with pyruvic acid under standard sample preparation protocol for dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization.RSC advances · 2025Article
- Long-acting parenteral formulations of hydrophilic drugs, proteins, and peptide therapeutics: mechanisms, challenges, and therapeutic benefits with a focus on technologies.Drug delivery and translational research · 2025Review
- Oxygen Imaging of a Rabbit Tumor Using a Human-Sized Pulse Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Imager.Molecular imaging and biology · 2024Article
- Biocompatible Monophosphonated Trityl Spin Probe, HOPE71, for In Vivo Measurement of pOAnalytical chemistry · 2023Article
- Development and Characterization of Novel In-Situ-Forming Oleogels.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- A Comprehensive Review of Cross-Linked Gels as Vehicles for Drug Delivery to Treat Central Nervous System Disorders.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Impact of Chlorine Substitution on Electron Spin Relaxation of a Trityl Radical.Applied magnetic resonance · 2022Article
- EPR Everywhere.Applied magnetic resonance · 2021Review
- Article
- Risperidone-Loaded PLGA-Lipid Particles with Improved Release Kinetics: Manufacturing and Detailed Characterization by Electron Microscopy and Nano-CT.Pharmaceutics · 2019Article
- Injectable, thermosensitive, fast gelation, bioeliminable, and oxygen sensitive hydrogels.Materials science & engineering. C, Materials for biological applications · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Molecular oxygen, reactive oxygen species and free radicals derived from oxygen play important roles in a broad spectrum of physiological and pathological processes. The quantitative measurement of molecular oxygen in tissues by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) has great potential for understanding and diagnosing a number of diseases, and for developing and guiding therapies. This requires improvements in the free radical probe systems that sense and report molecular oxygen levels in vivo. We report on the encapsulation of existing free radical probes in lipophilic gel implants: an in-situ-oleogel and an emulgel, based only on well-known, safe excipients for the incorporation of lipophilic and hydrophilic radicals, respectively. The EPR signals of encapsulated radicals were not altered compared to dissolved radicals. The high solubility of oxygen in lipophilic solvents enhanced oxygen sensitivity. The gels extended the lifetime of the radicals in tissues from tens of minutes to many days, simplifying studies with extended series of measurements. The encapsulated radicals showed a good in vivo response to changes in oxygen supply and seem to circumvent concerns from toxicity of the radical probes. These gels simplify the development of new oxygen-sensitive free radical probes for EPR oximetry by making their in vivo stability, persistence and toxicity a function of the encapsulating gel and not a set of additional requirements for the free radical probe.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.