ReviewBritish journal of cancer2019
Cytokines in clinical cancer immunotherapy.
Review in British journal of cancer, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 633 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
633 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 1,189 citations in OpenAlex.
- Predictive value of serum cytokines in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer receiving anti-PD-1 blockade therapy: a meta-analysis.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Aspirin and atorvastatin augmentation treatment in patients with major affective disorders and inflammatory dysregulation: a 12-week randomised Placebo-controlled study.Acta neuropsychiatrica · 2026Trial
- A phase 1 study of interleukin-15 in combination with mogamulizumab in relapsed and refractory T-cell malignancies.Blood neoplasia · 2025Trial
- Article
- Immunotherapy for oral cavity tumors: recent advances, key challenges, and future perspectives.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Review
- The Unfolded Protein Response as a Modulator of Cancer-Immune Cell Communication in the Tumour Microenvironment.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2026Review
- De novo design of protease-activatable cytokine prodrugs.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- αHSA-proIL-12: A Tumor-Conditional IL-12 Prodrug with Reduced Systemic Toxicity and Potent Antitumor Activity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- A Tumor-Microenvironment-Responsive Chemically Masked IL‑2 Prodrug Potentiates PD‑1 Checkpoint Blockade and Elicits Robust Antitumor Efficacy.ACS central science · 2026Article
- Revisiting tumor immunogenicity through the lens of mutant p53: Implications for cancer immunotherapy.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2026Review
- Low-Strength Type I Interferon Signaling Promotes CAR T-cell Treatment Efficacy.Cancer immunology research · 2026Article
- Take Five: harmonization in personalized cancer vaccines for cancer immunotherapy.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Review
- A baseline systemic inflammatory signature predicts anti-PD-1 response in advanced melanoma.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Article
- Anti-PD1-IL18 immunoconjugate promotes effector T cell-mediated antitumor immunity.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Review
- Progress in the development of cytokine armoured CAR T cells.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- Systematic Mapping of Protein Interactions Underlying IL-2 Secretion in Human T Cells.Analytical chemistry · 2026Article
- Multiplexed cytokine and antigen mRNA administration generates durable anti-tumor immunity against pancreatic cancer.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Insight of immune checkpoint blockades in melanoma: mechanism and clinical translation.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
573 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cytokines are soluble proteins that mediate cell-to-cell communication. Based on the discovery of the potent anti-tumour activities of several pro-inflammatory cytokines in animal models, clinical research led to the approval of recombinant interferon-alpha and interleukin-2 for the treatment of several malignancies, even if efficacy was only modest. These early milestones in immunotherapy have been followed by the recent addition to clinical practice of antibodies that inhibit immune checkpoints, as well as chimeric antigen receptor T cells. A renewed interest in the anti-tumour properties of cytokines has led to an exponential increase in the number of clinical trials that explore the safety and efficacy of cytokine-based drugs, not only as single agents, but also in combination with other immunomodulatory drugs. These second-generation drugs under clinical development include known molecules with novel mechanisms of action, new targets, and fusion proteins that increase half-life and target cytokine activity to the tumour microenvironment or to the desired effector immune cells. In addition, the detrimental activity of immunosuppressive cytokines can be blocked by antagonistic antibodies, small molecules, cytokine traps or siRNAs. In this review, we provide an overview of the novel trends in the cytokine immunotherapy field that are yielding therapeutic agents for clinical trials.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.