ArticleThe Science of the total environment2019
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in source and treated drinking waters of the United States.
Article in The Science of the total environment, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of birth weight and perfluorohexane sulfonate exposures: examination of sample timing and study confidence.Occupational and environmental medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Integrated Crop-Livestock Systems: Environmental Exposure and Human Health Risks.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- Environmental PFOA Exposure Alters Early Developmental Programming during the Maternal-Zygotic Transition.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- PFAS in Peri-Urban Agricultural Water: Assessing the Hazard Index in an Organic Farming Environment in Maryland, USA.Toxics · 2026Article
- Characterization of the Potential Long-Term Impact from Sedimentary PFAS at a Historically Contaminated Textile Waste Site.ACS ES&T water · 2026Article
- The maternal-to-zygotic transition is a critical window for PFOA-induced disruption of developmental programming.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Article
- Synergistic toxicity of PFAS and microplastic mixtures across five human cell lines.Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) · 2025Article
- Functionalized Porous Polymer Networks as High-Performance PFAS Adsorbents.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2025Article
- Exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in North Carolina homes: results from the indoor PFAS assessment (IPA) campaign.Environmental science. Processes & impacts · 2025Article
- Municipal and Industrial Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluent Contributions to Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in the Potomac River: A Basin-Scale Measuring and Modeling Approach.Environmental science & technology · 2025Article
- Association Between Serum Levels of Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances and Dental Floss Use: The Double-Edged Sword of Dental Floss Use-A Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of clinical periodontology · 2025Article
- Evidence of the occurrence, detection, and ecotoxicity studies of perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in aqueous environments.Journal of environmental health science & engineering · 2025Review
- Review
- Hold My Beer: The Linkage between Municipal Water and Brewing Location on PFAS in Popular Beverages.Environmental science & technology · 2025Article
- Assessing the utility of healthcare claims data to determine potential health impacts of PFAS exposure with public drinking water.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2025Article
- Metagenome-Assembled Genomes and Metatranscriptome Analysis of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate-Reducing Bacteria Enriched From Activated Sludge.Environmental microbiology · 2025Article
- Article
- Prenatal per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance exposures and DNA methylation among newborns in the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes program.Environmental epigenetics · 2025Article
- Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances alter innate immune function: evidence and data gaps.Journal of immunotoxicology · 2024Review
- Simultaneous and High-Throughput Analytical Strategy of 30 Fluorinated Emerging Pollutants Using UHPLC-MS/MS in the Shrimp Aquaculture System.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), including per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), are of interest to regulators, water treatment utilities, the general public and scientists. This study measured 17 PFAS in source and treated water from 25 drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) as part of a broader study of CECs in drinking water across the United States. PFAS were quantitatively detected in all 50 samples, with summed concentrations of the 17 PFAS ranging from <1 ng/L to 1102 ng/L. The median total PFAS concentration was 21.4 ng/L in the source water and 19.5 ng/L in the treated drinking water. Comparing the total PFAS concentration in source and treated water at each location, only five locations demonstrated statistically significant differences (i.e. P < 0.05) between the source and treated water. When the perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) concentrations in the treated drinking water are compared to the existing US Environmental Protection Agency's PFOA and PFOS drinking water heath advisory of 70 ng/L for each chemical or their sum one DWTP exceeded the threshold. Six of the 25 DWTPs were along two large rivers. The DWTPs within each of the river systems had specific PFAS profiles, with the three DWTPs from one river being dominated by PFOA, while three DWTPs on the second river were dominated by perfluorobutyric acid (PFBA).
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.