ReviewBritish dental journal2018
The changing epidemiology of oral cancer: definitions, trends, and risk factors.
Review in British dental journal, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 114 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
114 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Global Prevalence of Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of oral pathology & medicine : official publication of the International Association of Oral Pathologists and the American Academy of Oral Pathology · 2026Pooled it
- Risk Factors for Postoperative Dysphagia in Patients with Oral Cavity and Oropharyngeal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Dysphagia · 2026Pooled it
- Malignant transformation rate of oral precancerous disorders to oral cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis of the current evidence.Frontiers in oral health · 2025Pooled it
- Evolving trends in oral cancer burden in Europe: a systematic review.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Pooled it
- Chronic mechanical irritation and oral squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Bosnian journal of basic medical sciences · 2021Pooled it
- Association of Microbiome with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review of the Metagenomic Studies.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- Interventions for tobacco cessation delivered by dental professionals.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Risk-based, 6-monthly and 24-monthly dental check-ups for adults: the INTERVAL three-arm RCT.Health technology assessment (Winchester, England) · 2020Trial
- The Oral Microbiome in Oral Cavity Cancer: Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis, Biomarkers, and Therapeutic Implications.Current oncology reports · 2026Review
- Global Epidemiological Insights: Temporal Trends and Disparities in Oral Cavity Cancer Mortality in the United States, 1999-2024.International dental journal · 2026Article
- A cross-sectional retrospective and prospective service evaluation of head and neck cancer patients' swallowing and quality of life concerns: are we doing enough?Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2026Article
- miR-185 in salivary extracellular vesicles for early diagnosis of malignant transformation in oral leukoplakia: a clinical study.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Article
- Geographic inequalities and gender-specific trends in oropharyngeal cancer mortality in Spain.Medicina oral, patologia oral y cirugia bucal · 2026Article
- Article
- Oral Cancer Prognostic Disparities among Black Individuals: A Scoping Review.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Review
- The COVID-19 pandemic has not influenced survival outcomes of head and neck cancer squamous cell carcinomas in the West of Scotland: a retrospective cohort study.BJC reports · 2026Article
- Clinical profile and pattern of second primary tumors in HPV-positive and HPV-negative oropharyngeal cancer.Revista brasileira de epidemiologia = Brazilian journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Integrated analysis identifies CCNA2 as a candidate diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma.Journal of applied oral science : revista FOB · 2026Article
- Causal Relationships Between Plasma Metabolites, Inflammatory Factors, and Oral Cancer Risk: A Comprehensive Mendelian Randomization Study With Mediation Analysis.Human mutation · 2026Article
- Lycopene Enhances the Sensitivity of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma to Cisplatin Through Inhibition of the PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway and Reversal of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Article
54 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: This review has three objectives, namely: (i) to discuss how oral cancer is and ought to be defined and recorded; (ii) to present up-to-date data on the incidence burden of the disease in the four countries of the UK, and review recent analyses of trends in the disease; and (iii) to summarise recent evidence on risk factors of the disease. Methods: Cancer definitions were clarified by the International Classification of Diseases accounting for anatomical and aetiological differences; descriptive epidemiology included international / UK literature review and information requests for incidence data from the UK cancer registries (2000-2016); analytical epidemiology focused on reviewing the findings of the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology (INHANCE) consortium, which has pooled data from multiple case-control studies providing the best estimates of risk factors. Results: Emerging evidence of the role played by risk factors in different anatomical sites means that oral cavity cancer and oropharynx cancer should be considered distinct disease entities – and a standardised attribution of anatomical subsites will be helpful in ensuring consistency in how data are presented. In 2016, over 3,700 people were diagnosed with oral cavity cancer and over 3,500 people were diagnosed with oropharyngeal cancer in the UK. Incidence of oropharyngeal cancer is rapidly rising across the UK. Rates of oral cavity cancer are higher in Northern Ireland and higher still (and relatively stable) in Scotland, but rising in England and Wales. INHANCE data show that while the consumption of alcohol and tobacco are the prime risk factors for oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers, they provide greater certainty in the preventive benefits of reducing these risk factors. The role played by other factors such as low socioeconomic status, genetics, oral health, and human papillomavirus (only for oropharyngeal cancer) have become clearer. Conclusions: This epidemiology provides a strong foundation for designing and managing both population and individual oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer control strategies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.