ArticleCNS neuroscience & therapeutics2019
Age-dependent variation of female preponderance across different phenotypes of multiple sclerosis: A retrospective cross-sectional study.
Article in CNS neuroscience & therapeutics, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Insights and challenges on animal models for progressive multiple sclerosis.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Review
- Disparities in imaging and management of multiple sclerosis: a review.The British journal of radiology · 2026Review
- PlasmaNeurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Influence of race and gender on variability in clinical decision-making in neurology.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Magnetic targeting enhances the neuroprotective function of human mesenchymal stem cell-derived iron oxide exosomes by delivering miR-1228-5p.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2024Article
- Laboratory Diagnosis of Intrathecal Synthesis of Immunoglobulins: A Review about the Contribution of OCBs and K-index.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Data on Ocrelizumab Treatment Collected by MS Patients in Germany Using Brisa App.Journal of personalized medicine · 2024Article
- The overall and smoking-attributable burden of multiple sclerosis among older adults aged 65-89 years from 1990 to 2019 and predictions to 2040.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- Harmonized Data Quality Indicators Maintain Data Quality in Long-Term Safety Studies Using Multiple Sclerosis Registries/Data Sources: Experience from the CLARION Study.Clinical epidemiology · 2024Article
- Comparative Analysis of Apigenin-3 Acetate versus Apigenin and Methyl-Prednisolone in Inhibiting Proliferation and Gene Expression of Th1 Cells in Multiple Sclerosis.Cell journal · 2023Article
- Immune Cell Contributors to the Female Sex Bias in Multiple Sclerosis and Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2023Article
- Demographic Patterns of MS Patients Using BRISA: An MS-Specific App in Germany.Journal of personalized medicine · 2022Article
- Development of an age-adjusted model for blood neurofilament light chain.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2022Article
- Review
- Sex, aging and immunity in multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: An intriguing interaction.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Review
- Sex bias in multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders: How it influences clinical course, MRI parameters and prognosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Circulating miRNAs as Potential Biomarkers Distinguishing Relapsing-Remitting from Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis. A Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Genetic, Environmental and Lifestyle Determinants of Accelerated Telomere Attrition as Contributors to Risk and Severity of Multiple Sclerosis.Biomolecules · 2021Review
- Th17-Related Cytokines as Potential Discriminatory Markers between Neuromyelitis Optica (Devic's Disease) and Multiple Sclerosis-A Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- SeXX Matters in Multiple Sclerosis.Frontiers in neurology · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionMultiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the CNS, which predominantly affects women. Studies investigating the sex distribution in MS are sparse. We aim to analyze the female-to-male ratio (F/M ratio) in different MS phenotypes in association with age at diagnosis and year of birth.
methodsWe performed a retrospective cross-sectional analysis by cumulating data (sex, year of birth, age at diagnosis, and MS phenotypes) from unpublished and published studies of the participating centers.
resultsDatasets of 945 patients were collected. The overall F/M ratio was 1.9:1.0 and female preponderance was present in all phenotypes except for primary progressive MS (PPMS), in which men were predominantly affected (F/M ratio: 0.5:1.0). Female preponderance declined with increasing age at diagnosis and was no longer present in relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients > 58 years of age.
conclusionOur data demonstrate an age dependency of female preponderance in MS except for PPMS. This could be influenced by the lifecycle of sex hormone secretion in women. In PPMS, a male preponderance was observed in all age-groups, which might point to pathophysiological mechanisms being less influenced by sex hormones.
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Registered trials
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