ReviewEvolution, medicine, and public health2018
The influenza of 1918: Evolutionary perspectives in a historical context.
Review in Evolution, medicine, and public health, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Potential of biomarkers of ageing in predicting severity of influenza virus infection and vaccination efficacy.npj aging · 2025Review
- Plants with antiviral properties used in Otorhinolaryngology.Revista medica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social · 2024Review
- The twin-beginnings of COVID-19 in Asia and Europe-one prevails quickly.National science review · 2022Article
- Clinical data to be used as a foundation to combat Covid-19 vaccine hesitancy.Journal of interprofessional education & practice · 2022Review
- A Tale of Three Recent Pandemics: Influenza, HIV and SARS-CoV-2.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
- Environments, Behaviors, and Inequalities: Reflecting on the Impacts of the Influenza and Coronavirus Pandemics in the United States.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Review
- Metagenomic Nanopore Sequencing of Influenza Virus Direct from Clinical Respiratory Samples.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2019Article
- Onward transmission of viruses: how do viruses emerge to cause epidemics after spillover?Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2019Review
- Race and 1918 Influenza Pandemic in the United States: A Review of the Literature.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The 1918 influenza pandemic was the deadliest in known human history. It spread globally to the most isolated of human communities, causing clinical disease in a third of the world's population, and infecting nearly every human alive at the time. Determination of mortality numbers is complicated by weak contemporary surveillance in the developing world, but recent estimates put the death toll at 50 million or even higher. This outbreak is of great interest to modern day epidemiologists, virologists, global health researchers and evolutionary biologists. They ask: Where did it come from? And if it happened once, could it happen again? Understanding how such a virulent epidemic emerged and spread offers hope for prevention and strategies of response. This review uses historical methodology and evolutionary perspectives to revisit the 1918 outbreak. Using the American military experience as a case study, it investigates the emergence of virulence in 1918 by focusing on key susceptibility factors that favored both the influenza virus and the subsequent pneumococcal invasion that took so many lives. This article explores the history of the epidemic and contemporary measures against it, surveys modern research on the virus, and considers what aspects of 1918 human and animal ecology most contributed to the emergence of this pandemic.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.