ArticleNature communications2018
Modifying the cancer-immune set point using vaccinia virus expressing re-designed interleukin-2.
Article in Nature communications, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 89 citations in OpenAlex.
- Synergistic Oncolytic Effect of HSVtk- and IL-15Rα-Armed Vaccinia Viruses Inducing Systemic Antitumor Immunity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Article
- Intratumoral PD-1-directed IL-2 expression via oncolytic vaccinia virus elicits superior antitumor effects with enhanced safety.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Targeting leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 overcomes resistance to oncolytic herpes simplex virus-based therapies in glioblastoma.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Advances in IL-2 Family Cytokine-Based Cancer Therapies: Overcoming Challenges Through Molecular Engineering and Delivery Strategies.Immune network · 2026Review
- Vaccinia virus for lung cancer therapy: preclinical progress and prospects as a systemic immunotherapy platform.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Breast Cancer-Secreted DPP3 Promotes Lung Metastasis by Remodelling the Vascular Niche in Lung via the Rap1 Signalling Pathway.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2025Article
- Oncolytic vaccinia virus expressing non-secreted decoy-resistant IL-18 mutein elicits potent antitumor effects with enhanced safety.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2025Article
- Preclinical and clinical evaluation of intratumoral injection of an IL-12 expressing SKV-012 oncolytic virus for advanced solid tumors.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Article
- Oncolytic viruses as cancer therapeutics: From mechanistic insights to clinical translation.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025Review
- Cytokine-armed vaccinia virus promotes cytotoxicity toward pancreatic carcinoma cells via activation of human intermediary CD56International journal of cancer · 2025Article
- Oncolytic Viruses and Immunotherapy for the Treatment of Uveal Melanoma and Retinoblastoma: The Current Landscape and Novel Advances.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Advances of oncolytic vaccinia viruses armed with interleukin in tumor therapy.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Combined with Oncolytic Virotherapy: Synergy, Heterogeneity, and Safety in Cancer Treatment.Oncology research · 2025Review
- Cytokine-armed oncolytic herpes simplex viruses: a game-changer in cancer immunotherapy?Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2024Review
- Advances in cell-based delivery of oncolytic viruses as therapy for lung cancer.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2024Review
- Intratumoral Delivery of Interleukin 9 via Oncolytic Vaccinia Virus Elicits Potent Antitumor Effects in Tumor Models.Cancers · 2024Article
- Viral Vectors Expressing Interleukin 2 for Cancer Immunotherapy.Human gene therapy · 2023Review
- Oncolytic viruses and antibodies: are they more successful when delivered separately or when engineered as a single agent?Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2023Review
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The complex immune tumour microenvironment requires an equally complex immunotherapy approach, especially when the cancer-immune set point is non-inflamed. Oncolytic viruses expressing immune activating cytokines might optimally modify the immune microenvironment and improve the antitumour effects. In this study, we have explored a variety of IL-2 constructs expressed by a tumour-selective oncolytic vaccinia virus, designed to maintain IL-2 in the tumour microenvironment to reduce systemic toxicity. An IL-2 construct combining a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor with a rigid peptide linker leads to functional IL-2 expression on the tumour cell surface and in the tumour microenvironment. This virus construct effectively modifies the cancer-immune set point and treats a variety of murine tumour models with no toxic side effects. In combination with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade this virus cures most of the mice with a high tumour burden. This combination represents a treatment for cancers which are to date unresponsive to immunotherapy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.