ArticleScientific reports2018
The conserved mosaic prophage protein paratox inhibits the natural competence regulator ComR in Streptococcus.
Article in Scientific reports, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Rapid Preparation of Electrocompetent Listeria monocytogenes and Enhancement of Transformation Efficiency with cAMP Supplementation.Journal of food protection · 2026Article
- Naturally competent bacteria and their genetic parasites-a battle for control over horizontal gene transfer?FEMS microbiology reviews · 2025Review
- The phage protein paratox is a multifunctional metabolic regulator of Streptococcus.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- Manipulation of natural transformation by AbaR-type islands promotes fixation of antibiotic resistance inProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Phage small proteins play large roles in phage-bacterial interactions.Current opinion in microbiology · 2024Review
- Genetic modification ofmSphere · 2024Article
- Comparative Genomic Analysis of Prophages in Human Vaginal Isolates ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- The Streptococcus phage protein paratox is an intrinsically disordered protein.Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 2024Article
- Horizontal Gene Transfer of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Biofilms.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Competence shut-off by intracellular pheromone degradation in salivarius streptococci.PLoS genetics · 2022Article
- Molecular mechanism of quorum sensing inhibition in Streptococcus by the phage protein paratox.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2021Article
- Cryptic prophages within aMicrobial genomics · 2021Article
- Structure Activity Relationship Study of the XIP Quorum Sensing Pheromone inACS chemical biology · 2020Article
- Diverse conjugative elements silence natural transformation inProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2019Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Horizontal gene transfer is an important means of bacterial evolution. This includes natural genetic transformation, where bacterial cells become "competent" and DNA is acquired from the extracellular environment. Natural competence in many species of Streptococcus, is regulated by quorum sensing via the ComRS receptor-signal pair. The ComR-XIP (mature ComS peptide) complex induces expression of the alternative sigma factor SigX, which targets RNA polymerase to CIN-box promoters to activate genes involved in DNA uptake and recombination. In addition, the widely distributed Streptococcus prophage gene paratox (prx) also contains a CIN-box, and here we demonstrate it to be transcriptionally activated by XIP. In vitro experiments demonstrate that Prx binds ComR directly and prevents the ComR-XIP complex from interacting with DNA. Mutations of prx in vivo caused increased expression of the late competence gene ssb when induced with XIP as compared to wild-type, and Prx orthologues are able to inhibit ComR activation by XIP in a reporter strain which lacks an endogenous prx. Additionally, an X-ray crystal structure of Prx reveals a unique fold that implies a novel molecular mechanism to inhibit ComR. Overall, our results suggest Prx functions to inhibit the acquisition of new DNA by Streptococcus.
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