ArticleThe Lancet. Infectious diseases2019
Attributable deaths and disability-adjusted life-years caused by infections with antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the EU and the European Economic Area in 2015: a population-level modelling analysis.
Article in The Lancet. Infectious diseases, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 1,508 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Development of a Swiss Surveillance Database for Molecular Epidemiology of Hypervirulent and Multi-drug Resistant Pathogens
Infectious Diseases Experts as Part of the Antibiotic Stewardship Team in Primary Care: a Cluster-randomised Blinded Study (IDASP)
A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial to Establish the Impact of MeMed BV® on Management of Patients With Suspected Lower Respiratory Tract Infections (LRTI) in the Emergency Department (ED) and Urgent Care Center (UCC) ("JUPITER" TRIAL)
Who cites it
1,508 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 2,931 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of pyocins produced byFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Pooled it
- Educational Technologies to Support Rational Antimicrobial Prescribing in Primary Healthcare: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Pooled it
- Distribution and antibiotic resistance of pathogens in post-earthquake traumatic infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Nursing Students' Knowledge Among Healthcare-Associated Infections: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Pooled it
- Pediatric stewardship in Italy: a necessity, not an option - a National Multi-Society Expert Consensus on Antimicrobial and Diagnostic Stewardship (SIP, SITIP, SIMRI, SIAIP, SIMEUP, SIPPS, SICUPP, SIMIT, SIMPE, SIPINF, SIT, SIAATIP, SARNEPI, AIEOP, SIM, SITI, SIF, SIFACT, SITA, SIN).Italian journal of pediatrics · 2025Pooled it
- Using a decision support tool to reduce inappropriate antibiotic use after a delayed prescription.Applied psychology. Health and well-being · 2026Trial
- URICA Study: Diagnosis and Management of Recurrent Acute Bacterial Cystitis in Women With Urinary Behavioral Therapy.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2026Article
- Klebsiella genus as driver of human disease: from infections to non-communicable disorders.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026Review
- Time to Effective Antibiotic Therapy and Clinical Outcomes in Bloodstream Infections With ESBL-Producing Enterobacterales: A Retrospective Multicenter Cohort Study.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Temporal Trends and Epidemiological Patterns of Clinically Relevant Microorganisms in a Burn Unit: An 11-Year Retrospective Study from a Tertiary Hospital in Southern Brazil.Epidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Mechanism of Synergistic Action of Isochlorogenic Acid C and Ciprofloxacin Against Drug-ResistantBiomolecules · 2026Article
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Stewardship in Surgical Departments: A Three-Year Single-Center Study.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Observational
- Stewardship Challenges, PK/PD Evidence, and Prescribing Appropriateness for Recently Approved Antibiotics in Pediatric Practice.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Microbiological Profile of Pathogens Among Patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Mumbai, India.Cureus · 2026Article
- Development of an mRNA vaccine against the OprF ofMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) in Europe: Surveillance Challenges, Emerging Threats and Public Health Preparedness.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Transcriptomic Responses of MRSA to Penicillin-Modulating Phlorotannins Derived fromMarine drugs · 2026Article
1,448 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 6 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundInfections due to antibiotic-resistant bacteria are threatening modern health care. However, estimating their incidence, complications, and attributable mortality is challenging. We aimed to estimate the burden of infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria of public health concern in countries of the EU and European Economic Area (EEA) in 2015, measured in number of cases, attributable deaths, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs).
methodsWe estimated the incidence of infections with 16 antibiotic resistance-bacterium combinations from European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network (EARS-Net) 2015 data that was country-corrected for population coverage. We multiplied the number of bloodstream infections (BSIs) by a conversion factor derived from the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control point prevalence survey of health-care-associated infections in European acute care hospitals in 2011-12 to estimate the number of non-BSIs. We developed disease outcome models for five types of infection on the basis of systematic reviews of the literature.
findingsFrom EARS-Net data collected between Jan 1, 2015, and Dec 31, 2015, we estimated 671 689 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 583 148-763 966) infections with antibiotic-resistant bacteria, of which 63·5% (426 277 of 671 689) were associated with health care. These infections accounted for an estimated 33 110 (28 480-38 430) attributable deaths and 874 541 (768 837-989 068) DALYs. The burden for the EU and EEA was highest in infants (aged <1 year) and people aged 65 years or older, had increased since 2007, and was highest in Italy and Greece.
interpretationOur results present the health burden of five types of infection with antibiotic-resistant bacteria expressed, for the first time, in DALYs. The estimated burden of infections with antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the EU and EEA is substantial compared with that of other infectious diseases, and has increased since 2007. Our burden estimates provide useful information for public health decision-makers prioritising interventions for infectious diseases.
fundingEuropean Centre for Disease Prevention and Control.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.